Computer implemented systems and methods for visualizing organizational connections

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are systems, apparatus, methods and computer-readable media for updating and visualizing information stored in a database system over a network. In some implementations, a request to generate a graphical representation of an organizational chart associated with an organization is received. In various implementations, a first individual to include in the organizational chart is identified. Relationship information associated with the first individual is identified, where the relationship information identifies hierarchical relationships between the first individual and a plurality of second individuals associated with the organization. In various implementations, the organizational chart is generated based on the first individual and the relationship information, where the organizational chart identifies the first and second individuals and the hierarchical relationships. In some instances, a graphical representation of the organizational chart capable of being displayed at a user interface of a display device is generated.

PRIORITY AND RELATED APPLICATION DATA

This application claims priority to co-pending and commonly assigned U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/502,053, titled “Systems and Methods for Providing a Mobile Social Enterprise Interface”, by Tyler Ziemann, filed on Jun. 28, 2011 (Attorney Docket No. 646PROV), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material, which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to providing on-demand services in a network using a database system and, more specifically, to techniques for updating and visualizing information stored in the database system over the network.

BACKGROUND

Organizations typically employ many different types of software and computing technologies to meet their computing needs. However, installing and maintaining software on an organization's own computer systems may involve one or more drawbacks. For example, when software must be installed on computer systems within the organization, the installation process often requires significant time commitments, since organization personnel may need to separately access each computer. Once installed, the maintenance of such software typically requires significant additional resources. Each installation of the software may need to be separately monitored, upgraded, and/or maintained. Further, organization personnel may need to protect each installed piece of software against viruses and other malevolent code. Given the difficulties in updating and maintaining software installed on many different computer systems, it is common for software to become outdated. Also, the organization will likely need to ensure that the various software programs installed on each computer system are compatible. Compatibility problems are compounded by frequent upgrading, which may result in different versions of the same software being used at different computer systems in the same organization.

Accordingly, organizations increasingly prefer to use on-demand services accessible via the Internet rather than software installed on in-house computer systems. On-demand services, often termed “cloud computing” services, take advantage of increased network speeds and decreased network latency to provide shared resources, software, and information to computers and other devices upon request. Cloud computing typically involves over-the-Internet provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources. Technological details can be abstracted from the users, who no longer have need for expertise in, or control over, the technology infrastructure “in the cloud” that supports them.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The included drawings are for illustrative purposes and serve only to provide examples of possible structures and process operations for the disclosed inventive systems, apparatus, and methods for visualizing organizational connections. These drawings in no way limit any changes in form and detail that may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed implementations.

FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of an example of a shared contact data maintenance method 100, performed in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of an example of a contact data search method 200, performed in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an example of a contact data reconciliation method 300, performed in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an example of an organization chart construction method 400, performed in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of another example of an organization chart construction method 500, performed in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of an image 600 of a user interface displaying identified shared contact data that is filtered by department in accordance with some implementations of method 200.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of an image 700 of a user interface that presents the identified shared contact data after applying one or more filters in accordance with some implementations of method 200.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an image 800 of a user interface that allows a user to select shared contact data items to store as private contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 200.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an image 900 of a user interface that may be used to determine how selected shared contact data items are stored as private contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 200.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an image 1000 of a user interface that may be used to store search parameters in accordance with some implementations of method 200.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an image 1100 of a user interface that may be used to issue a request to reconcile private contact data with shared contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 300.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an image 1200 of a user interface that may be used to identify a source of shared contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 300.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of an image 1300 of a user interface that may provide a report about the contact data reconciliation in accordance with some implementations of method 300.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an image 1400 of a user interface that presents differences between the private contact data and the shared contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 300.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an image 1500 of a user interface that may be used to select and store settings associated with the reconciliation of the shared contact data with the private contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 300.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an image 1600 of a user interface that may be used to receive a request to create or update an organizational chart for an organization, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of an image 1700 of a user interface that may be used to identify an individual to be added to an organizational chart, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an image 1800 of a user interface that may be used to confirm the addition of an individual to an organizational chart, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an image 1900 of a user interface that may be used to display a graphical depiction of an updated organizational chart associated with an organization, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 20A shows a system diagram 2000 illustrating architectural components of an on-demand service environment that may be used to implement a contact data unification method, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 20B shows a system diagram further illustrating architectural components of an on-demand service environment that may be used to implement a contact data unification method, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 21 shows a system diagram 2110 illustrating the architecture of a multitenant database environment, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 22 shows a system diagram 2110 further illustrating the architecture of a multitenant database environment, in accordance with some implementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Examples of systems, apparatus, and methods according to the disclosed implementations are described in this section. These examples are being provided solely to add context and aid in the understanding of the disclosed implementations. It will thus be apparent to one skilled in the art that implementations may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process/method steps have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring implementations. Other applications are possible, such that the following examples should not be taken as definitive or limiting either in scope or setting.

In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the description and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific implementations. Although these implementations are described in sufficient detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice the disclosed implementations, it is understood that these examples are not limiting, such that other implementations may be used and changes may be made without departing from their spirit and scope. For example, the blocks of methods shown and described herein are not necessarily performed in the order indicated. It should also be understood that the methods may include more or fewer blocks than are indicated. In some implementations, blocks described herein as separate blocks may be combined. Conversely, what may be described herein as a single block may be implemented in multiple blocks.

Conventional methods of storing contact information do not provide as much contact information for a particular contact as may be available. “Contact information” may refer to information that identifies particular traits or distinguishing characteristics associated with an entity, particularly information for how one can identify and reach, i.e., contact that entity. The entity may be a business entity, such as a company, or an individual such as an employee of a company. By way of example, contact information associated with the business entity may identify a phone number or business address that may be used to contact the business entity. While conventional methods of storing contact information may allow a user to manually input and store contact information, they do not provide the user with access to additional sources of contact information that may be used to enrich the potentially limited amount of contact information known to the user.

In one conventional scenario, a user may create a list of contacts and may store various contact information associated with each contact included in the list. The contacts may be stored locally on a computing device, or on a server. While the user may be provided access to the user's own contact information stored either locally or remotely, if the user wishes to supplement the user's contact information, the user must find a way to locate the additional contact information and update the user's contact information by inputting the additional contact information manually. Thus, the user may have to locate and access a website associated with a business, copy a piece of contact information associated with the business, such as a phone number, and then input the phone number into the user's own contact data.

Some conventional methods of storing contact information do not provide much, if any, additional information for a contact or organization. As used herein, an organization can refer to any entity including any number of individuals and organized for a common effort or purpose. Examples of an organization include an enterprise, a company, a corporation, a partnership, a cooperative, a trust, an academic institution, a charitable organization, and any combination thereof. In one conventional example, a user of a database service may only have access to contact information associated with one contact at a company. The user might only have a single employee's email address or phone number. However, the user might not have any other information about the company, such as names, phone numbers, email addresses or other contact information regarding the employee's colleagues or other individuals employed by the company. Furthermore, even if the user did have access to such additional information, the user would have to manually input this information in the contact data stored in the database. Thus, conventional methods remain limited because they do not provide access to as much information as may be available, and they sometimes involve laborious data entry.

The disclosed implementations provide a user with the ability to access shared contact information stored in a shared database to which multiple entities contribute contact information. Thus, shared contact information stored in the shared database may be “crowd sourced.” The disclosed implementations may further allow the user to retrieve contact information from the shared database. Because multiple entities contribute information to the shared database, the shared contact information stored in the shared database may provide a centralized repository of shared contact information that has far more contact information associated with a particular contact than the user's own contact data. In some implementations, the user may be provided with access to the shared contact information as part of a database service the user has subscribed to.

In one example, the user may store contact information in a virtual portion of a multi-tenant database system operated and maintained by an on-demand database service provider. The virtual portion of the database system may be a portion of the database system that is provided by the database service provider as part of a service the user subscribes to, and that is accessible only by the user and not by other users of the database system. In various implementations, a virtual portion of the on-demand service environment is called an “org.” Thus, in some implementations, a user may subscribe to a service provided by a database service provider. The database service provider may provide the user with an org in response to the user successfully subscribing to a particular service. Thus, the org may provide the user with a portion of the database service provider's database system that functions as a “sand box” capable of implementing any database service that the user has subscribed to and is permitted access to.

Accordingly, when the user logs in to the user's virtual portion of the database system, the user may access and view the user's contact information. The user may be provided with an indication that additional contact information is available. The additional contact information may be obtained from the shared database. Thus, the user may choose to import the additional contact information into the user's contact information from the shared contact information. In response to receiving the user's selection, the database service provider may import the relevant additional contact information into the user's contact information automatically.

The disclosed implementations further provide a user with the ability to access “crowd sourced” data associated with a contact, or an organization associated with the contact, and to retrieve relationship information between or among individuals in order to generate an organizational chart representing the relationships between or among individuals of the organization. A visual presentation of the generated chart can be provided in a graphical user interface displayed on a computing device. For example, contact information may be retrieved from the user's private contact data and shared contact data. The contact information may indicate relationships between individuals included in the organization, and such contact information can be synthesized to determine what hierarchical relationships exist between the identified individuals.

In various implementations, the user may request that a graphical representation of an organizational chart be generated based on retrieved relationship information. The user may issue such a request in order to determine whether additional contacts or sales opportunities exist within the organization. Because the relationship information may be gathered and determined from crowd sourced shared contact data as well as the user's own private contact data, the relationship information may reveal hierarchical relationships not previously known to the user.

Thus, according to various embodiments, a database service provider may identify individuals to include in the organizational chart and retrieve relationship information identifying hierarchical relationships within the organization. Once the hierarchical relationships have been identified, in some implementations, the database service provider may generate a graphical representation of the organizational chart for the organization. In other implementations, the organizational chart data can be delivered over a network to a user system described below, and a web browser program or other application running on the user system can generate the graphical representation for display in a graphical user interface on a display device. Thus, a user viewing the display device may be presented with a rendering of several hierarchical relationships associated with the contact as well as various other structural information about the organization of which the contact is a member. In various implementations, structural information may refer to data identifying divisions and/or hierarchies in an organization, such as departments that exist within a company. Structural information may identify relationships between departments and divisions within the company. For example, the structural information may include data values stored in a record, such as a record used to store contact data. One data value may identify a department within an organization, such as a sales department. The second data value may identify a department that the sales department receives directions from, such as a marketing department. The marketing department maybe on the same level or on different level than the sales department in an organizational hierarchy, depending on the particular organization. Furthermore, the graphical representation may also present contact information associated with the individuals identified in the graphical representation of the organizational chart.

When presented with a representation of the organizational chart, the user may not have been previously aware of the displayed hierarchical relationships or structural information. Thus, by way of example, the graphical representation of the organizational chart may inform the user of other contacts, divisions, or sales opportunities within an organization that the user does business with. Furthermore, the graphical representation may provide the user with contact information that may be used to communicate with the identified contacts and divisions.

These and other embodiments may be implemented by various types of hardware, software, firmware, etc. For example, some embodiments may be implemented, at least in part, by machine-readable media that include program instructions, state information, etc., for performing various services and operations described herein. Examples of program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher-level code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter. Examples of machine-readable media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM disks; magneto-optical media; and hardware devices that are specially configured to store program instructions, such as read-only memory devices (“ROM”) and random access memory (“RAM”). These and other features and benefits of the disclosed embodiments will be described in more detail below with reference to the associated drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of an example of a shared contact data maintenance method 100, performed in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, the method 100 may be used to receive an indication of updated contact data, determine credibility information associated with the updated contact data, and update the shared contact data when the updated contact data is more credible then the existing contact data.

In FIG. 1, at block 102, a request to view shared contact data may be received. In various implementations, a request may be received when a user of an on-demand database service provided by a database service provider wishes to view or contribute to shared contact data.

In various implementations, the contact data may describe a particular industry or business associated with the entity. For example, if the entity associated with the contact data is an employee of a company or corporation, the contact data may include the employee's name, occupational title, role within the organization that employs the individual, the employee's email address, mailing address, the employee's phone number, fax number, and an account name associated with the employee. The contact data may also include various other social network data associated with the employee, such as a list of which social networks the employee belongs to, and which “handles”, user ID's, or other identifiers may be associated with the employee within each respective social network.

If the entity associated with the contact data is a company or corporation, the contact data may include information such as the company's name, phone number, email address, website url, billing address, and shipping address. The contact data may also include additional information associated with the company, such as the total worth of the company, the annual revenue earned by the company, primary place of business, the number of employees employed by the company, Dun & Bradstreet (D-U-N-S) number, Standard Industry Classification (SIC) number, and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) number.

In various implementations, the contact data may comprise contact data items. Thus, contact data may refer to all available contact information associated with an entity, such as all biographical information associated with a sales representative. A contact data item may refer to a specific data object storing a piece of information associated with the entity, such as a phone number associated with the sales representative.

In various implementations, the contact data may be stored in one or more records. A record may generally refer to a data entity, such as an instance of a data object created by a user of the database service, for example, about a particular entity with which contact data is associated. The data object can have a data structure defined by a database service (a standard object) or defined by a subscriber (custom object). In one embodiment implementing a multi-tenant database, all of the records for the tenants have an identifier stored in a common table. In various implementations, there may be several types of records, each of which is associated with a particular entity. For example, a “Contact” record may store information with a contact, such as biographical information, while a “Lead” record may store information associated with a lead, such as information regarding a prospect or potential business opportunity. Furthermore, an “Account” record may store information associated with an account belonging to a user's business. The account may be, for example, a customer, a competitor, or a partner.

In various implementations, a record has data fields that are defined by the structure of the object (e.g. fields of certain data types and purposes). A record can also have custom fields defined by a user. A field can be another record or include links thereto, thereby providing a parent-child relationship between the records. Thus, according to various implementations, contact data associated with an entity, such as a contact, may be stored in various data fields included in a record. Each of the fields may store a contact data item associated with an entity, such as a contact.

In various implementations, the contact data may be shared contact data. Shared contact data may be contact data that is stored in an on-demand database service environment such that access to the data is shared by users of the database services provided by the database service provider. Thus, the shared contact data may be contributed to and accessible by a plurality of entities associated with the database service, such as users of the database service. Thus, a first entity, such as a contact, may have associated shared contact data stored in a database system. The shared contact data may include a plurality of shared contact data items representing contact information associated with the first entity, such as a business address or occupational title. In various implementations, a second and third entity may be able to access the shared contact data and shared contact data items. The second and third entity may be users of the database service provided by the on-demand service provider. Moreover, in various implementations, the second and third entities may be able to edit the shared contact data items or contribute additional information to the records storing the shared contact data items. Thus, according to various implementations multiple entities may access or contribute information to shared contact data associated with a single entity. Accordingly, the shared contact data may include contact data aggregated from several entities. In various implementations, the entities may be users that subscribe to a service provided by the database service provider.

In various implementations, the shared contact data may be stored in a virtual portion of the database service environment. The virtual portion may represent a partition of a database system. In some implementations, the database system may be a multi-tenant database system. A plurality of settings may define the virtual portion of the database system. The plurality of settings may identify which entities have read and write access to the records stored in the virtual portion of the database system. Thus, the plurality of settings associated with the virtual portion of the database may identify what entities have read and write access to the shared contact data stored within the virtual portion of the database system. In various embodiments, the plurality of settings may be set and controlled by the database service provider. Accordingly, the database service provider may control which entities have read and write access to the records storing the shared contact data.

Returning to FIG. 1, step 102, in various implementations, the request to view the shared contact data may be received from an entity, such as a user of the database service. For example, the request may be in the form of a query issued to a virtual portion of a multi-tenant database used to store the shared contact data. Thus, a user of a database service may query a database system, or more specifically, the virtual portion of the database system storing the shared contact data to view various shared contact data items stored therein. The request may be received and handled by the database service provider which operates and maintains the database system.

In FIG. 1, at block 104, an indication of updated contact data may be received. According to some implementations, updated contact data may refer to contact data including new or updated contact information associated with existing shared contact data. Thus, the updated contact data may include additional or new contact data items associated with an existing record already stored in the shared contact data.

The indication of updated contact data may be a message issued to the database service provider from a user of the database service. In various implementations, the indication of updated contact data may indicate that the user has provided updated contact data to be included into the shared contact data. Thus, in various implementations, if a user of the database system attempts to contribute contact information to the shared contact data, an indication of updated contact data may be issued to the database service provider.

In various implementations, the user may provide updated contact data in response to being presented with existing shared contact data. For example, a user may be presented with existing shared contact data associated with a sales representative at an organization. The shared contact data may include the occupational title of the sales representative. The occupational title may be “sales manager.” The user may have learned from a previous interaction with the sales representative that the sales representative has a new occupational title that is not currently reflected in the shared contact data. The new occupational title may be “regional sales manager.” The user may then provide the new occupational title to the database service provider as updated contact data. As discussed in greater detail below with regard to block 110, the database service provider may determine whether or not the new occupational title should be included in the shared contact data associated with the sales representative.

Thus, according to various implementations, the database service provider may store shared contact data associated with a contact in a virtual portion of a database, and may receive updated contact data associated with the contact from at least one user of the database system. The database service provider may then assess the credibility of the existing shared contact data already stored in the database system and the credibility of the updated contact data to determine which contact data is more credible, and should be stored for future use.

Accordingly, in FIG. 1, at block 106, credibility information for the existing shared contact data may be determined. Credibility information may provide information about how likely contact data associated with a contact, such as an organization or an individual, is true or valid. For example, credibility information may provide an indication of whether or not a phone number associated with a contact is a valid phone number or not. Thus, credibility information may be used to determine whether or not contact information is credible, and whether or not contact information should be included in the shared contact data.

In various implementations, the credibility information may be determined based on characteristics of the contact data. Such characteristics may include how recently the contact information was obtained, how many users have contributed the same or similar contact information, and whether the contact information is the proper type of information for a particular type of the shared contact data item. For example, a phone number submitted as a contact's name would not be a proper type of information for that particular type of the shared contact data item, and would not be deemed credible.

In various implementations, the credibility information associated with the existing shared contact data may be determined by the database service provider. For example, the database service provider may use characteristics of the contact information to infer how credible the contact information is. In one example, a phone number associated with an employee of an organization may be stored in a data field of a record storing shared contact data associated with the employee. The phone number may be stored in a data field identified as the employee's direct line. However, the phone number may actually be a general contact number associated with the employee's organization. The database service provider may infer that the phone number is not the employee's direct phone line based on characteristics of the phone number. For example, if the last three digits of the phone number are zeros, the phone number is not likely to be a direct phone line, and instead more likely to be the general contact number for the employee's organization. Based on this determination, the database service provider may determine that the phone number is not credible.

In some implementations, the credibility information may be determined based on characteristics of the source of the contact data. The source of the contact data may refer to the source of the indication of updated contact data. For example, the source may be a user of the database service attempting to contribute updated contact data to the shared contact data. Characteristics of the source of the contact data may include the reliability of the contributor, the response rate of the contributor, the social influence of the contributor, the seniority of the contributor at his or her particular organization, and previous credibility determinations associated with the contributor.

In various implementations, the credibility information associated with the existing shared contact data may be stored within the same record as the existing shared contact data. In some implementations, the credibility information associated with the existing shared contact data may be stored in a separate record than the existing shared contact data. For example, credibility information, such as how recently a contact data item was contributed, may be stored in a record separate from the contact data associated with the credibility information.

In FIG. 1, at block 108, credibility information for the updated contact data may be determined. The credibility information for the updated contact data may provide information indicative of the credibility of the updated contact data. Similar to the credibility information discussed above at step 106 and with respect to the existing contact data, credibility information associated with the updated contact data may be inferred from contact data itself, or from the source of the contact data. The credibility information associated with the updated contact data may be stored in the same record or a different record as the updated contact data.

As discussed above with respect to block 106, the credibility information for the updated contact data may be determined based on the data obtained from a user of a database service provided by the database service provider. The credibility information may then be stored by the database service provider.

In FIG. 1, at block 110, it may be determined whether the updated contact data or the existing shared contact data is more credible. In various implementations, the database service provider may determine which contact data is more credible based on a comparison between the credibility information associated with the existing shared contact data and the credibility information associated with updated contact data.

In various implementations, the determination of which contact data is more credible may be made in accordance with several criteria. Thus, the criteria may specify a set of rules used to make the determination. For example, the criteria for making a credibility determination may specify that recent contact information is more credible than older contact information. In this instance, the database service provider may compare a value stored in a data field used to store credibility data associated with the more recent contact data with a value stored in a data field used to store credibility data associated with the older contact data. The credibility data may, for example, identify when contact data associated with the credibility data was contributed. Upon comparing the different values, the database service provider may use the established criteria for making the credibility determination in order to determine that the more recent contact data is more credible than the older contact data.

In various implementations, the criteria used to make a credibility determination may be specified by the database service provider. Thus, the database service provider may determine the criteria and rules used as the basis of the credibility determination. For example, the database service provider may determine that a credibility determination may be made based on a position within a hierarchy of an organization. For example, the database service provider may specify that contact information provided by a manager of a company is more credible than contact information received from an employee subordinate to the manager because the manager has a higher position in the organization's hierarchy. In this instance, if both the manager and the employee submitted conflicting contact data, the contact information submitted by the manager would be determined to be more credible based on his higher position within the hierarchy of the organization. It will be appreciated that various other criteria may be used for various characteristics associated with the contact information itself, and the contributor of the contact information.

In some implementations, the criterion used to make the determination may be stored in a database as a record. Thus, the record may include a plurality of data fields used to store the criteria that form the basis of the credibility determination. In various implementations, the record storing the criteria may be recalled at a later time during a subsequent determination. Thus, the stored criteria may be applied to multiple credibility determinations.

In various implementations, the database service provider may use the above-referenced criteria to determine whether the updated contact data or the existing shared contact data is more credible. Thus, the database service provider may compare credibility information associated with the updated contact data with credibility information associated with the existing shared contact data in accordance with various criteria specified by the database service provider.

If it is determined that the existing shared contact data is more credible than the updated contact data, in FIG. 1, at block 112, the existing shared contact data may be retained. As discussed above with respect to block 106, the existing shared contact data may be stored as a record in a multi-tenant database system. If the existing shared contact data is more credible than the updated contact data, the record storing the existing shared contact data remains unchanged, and the values stored within the record remain unchanged. Thus, according to various implementations, the existing shared contact data is retained, while the updated contact data may be discarded.

In various implementations, instead of being discarded, the updated contact data may be stored in a separate record. The separate record may be referred to in future credibility determinations if the information stored in the separate record is relevant. For example, if an address associated with an organization is submitted to the database service provider as updated contact data but determined to be less credible than the address already stored in the existing shared contact data, the submitted address may be stored in a separate record in the database service provider's database. If the discarded address is submitted again by a different user, the database service provider may query the database storing the separate records to determine how many times this address has been submitted. The database service provider may then factor that information into the credibility determination. For example, if that address has been submitted several times, it may be deemed more credible than if had only been submitted once.

If it is determined that the updated contact data is more credible than the existing shared contact data, in FIG. 1, at block 114, the existing shared contact data may be replaced by the updated contact data. Thus, the appropriate values of the data fields of the record storing the existing shared contact data may be overwritten with the values of the updated contact data. Returning to a previous example, an address associated with an organization may be submitted to the database service provider as updated contact data. If the address is deemed more credible than the address stored in the existing shared contact data, the existing shared contact data may be overwritten, thus updating the existing shared contact data with the new address of the organization.

FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of an example of a contact data search method 200, performed in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, method 200 may be used to receive a request to search or filter shared contact data, select shared contact data based on search or filter parameters, and store selected contact data as private contact data.

In FIG. 2, at block 202, a request to search or filter shared contact data may be received. A user may issue such a request to locate additional contact information. In various implementations, the user may have stored private contact data within the user's own virtual portion of the database system. Private contact data may be contact data that has been provided by the user and is only accessible by the user. For example, a user may log into a virtual portion of the database service environment that has been provided by the database service provider as part of a database service that the user subscribes to. This virtual portion may be a portion of the database service environment that is fully accessible by the user, but is not accessible by other entities using the database service environment. Thus, contact data stored in the user's virtual portion of the database is private contact data because other users of the database service do not have access to it.

The user may determine that additional contact information should be obtained. For example, the user may have stored contact data associated with a group of sales representatives in a sales division associated with a company. However, the private contact data may be missing specific contact data items, such as a fax number associated with one of the sales representatives. Moreover, there may be other sales representatives within that sales division for whom the user has no contact information. Thus, the user may issue a request to search the shared contact data for additional contact information that may provide additional information about contacts that already exist within the user's own private contact data, and additional contacts that don't already exist in the user's private contact data.

In some implementations, the user may issue the request through a user interface. The user interface may be provided by the database service provider to the user at a computer system. In various implementations, the computer system may be a personal computer, a mobile computing device, or a mobile telecommunications device. Thus, the user interface may be presented to a user through one of several computing platforms, such as a mobile platform or a personal computer.

In various implementations, the request may be a message that includes information, such as search or filter parameters specified by the user that forms the basis for searching and filtering the shared contact data. Thus, the specified information may be used to query a database storing shared contact data. In some implementations, the database may be operated and maintained by the database service provider, and the request to search or filter the shared business contact data may be received by the database service provider.

In FIG. 2, at block 204, search or filter parameters for retrieving shared contact data may be identified. The search or filter parameters may form the basis for searching or filtering shared contact data stored and maintained by the database service provider. Thus, the database service provider may use the search and filter parameters to identify shared contact data items and return the results of a search requested by the user.

In various implementations, a search parameter may be a parameter that identifies contact data items that are relevant to the user's request. In various implementations, the search parameter may be associated with a specific data field of shared contact data records used to store shared contact data. The search parameter may identify a value that may be stored in the associated data field. For example, the search parameter may identify a value representing a company name, an occupational title, a geographic location, an industry, or a sub-industry. In one example, the search parameter may be associated with an occupational title associated with a contact. The search parameter may identify a specific occupational title, such as “regional sales manager.” Records storing shared contact data may each include a data field storing an occupational title associated with a contact. Thus, the identified search parameter, i.e. the occupational title, may correspond to a data field included in the shared contact data records. Furthermore, a search performed based on the search parameter may search values stored in the corresponding data fields of the shared data records. For example, the search may be performed on data fields associated with an occupational title. Contact data items returning a value of “regional sales manager” may be identified and returned.

In various implementations, a filter parameter may be a parameter that identifies how items returned by the search are sorted or filtered. For example, a filter parameter may be a company name, a department at which an employee works, or a level of seniority associated with an employee. In various implementations, the filter parameter may be provided by the user after the search has returned a plurality of shared contact data items based on a search parameter. Thus, according to some implementations, the user may be presented with the results of the search at the user interface.

In various embodiments, the database service provider may identify search and filter parameters based on information included in the request issued by the user. As discussed with respect to FIG. 2, block 202, the user may specify search and filter parameters when formulating the request. Thus, the message may be a record that includes several data fields storing the specified parameters. The database service provider may identify the search and filter parameters based on the values stored in the data fields of the message. Therefore, upon receiving the request, the database service provider may identify the search and filter parameters based on the parameters specified by the user.

In FIG. 2, at block 206, shared contact data may be identified based on the identified parameters. Thus, the database service provider may search the shared contact data based on the identified search and filter parameters and identify shared contact data items that satisfy the search and filter parameters. As previously discussed, a record storing shared contact data may include a plurality of data fields, each of the data fields storing a shared contact data item representing contact information that may be associated with an entity. If a record stores a contact data item representing a value identified by the search parameter, the record may be returned as a search result.

In FIG. 2, at block 208, the identified shared contact data may be presented to a user at a user interface. Accordingly, the user may be presented with the results of the search which may include additional contact information not presently stored in the user's private contact data. Moreover, the presentation of the identified shared contact data may be filtered according to the user's preference, thus presenting the results in a manner specified by the user.

In various implementations, the identified shared contact data returned by the search may be filtered dynamically. Thus, all search results may be presented to the user at the user interface. The user may then select and apply filters to the returned search results in response to being presented with the search results. For example, the user may select and apply a first filter to the search results, such as a name of a business. The user may then select and apply a second filter, such as a department associated with the business. In some implementations, the second filter may be applied to the original search results, and the first filter may be removed in response to the user selecting the second filter. In various implementations, the search results may be filtered according to both the first and second filter in response to the user selecting the second filter.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of an image 600 of a user interface displaying identified shared contact data that is filtered by department in accordance with some implementations of method 200. In one example, image 600 of the user interface may include data fields 602, 604, and 606.

Data field 602 may include a plurality of data fields associated with the shared contact data. The user may enter the search parameters into the plurality of data fields. The search parameters may be used to perform a search that identifies a plurality of shared contact data items based on the search parameters. In this instance, a parameter of “www.ucshealth.org” has been chosen and entered into a data field identified as “Company or Website.” Thus, a search may be performed to identify and return records storing shared contact data that include a value of “www.ucshealth.org” in a field identified as “company” or “website.”

Data field 604 may include a plurality of data fields allowing the user to select filters to apply to the shared contact data items returned by the search. In various implementations, the filters available to the user may be organized into groups. For example, the filters may be organized or grouped according to type of information associated with an organization. In this instance, the filters are organized according to “company name,” “department,” and “level,” where “level” identifies a contact's level within the hierarchy of an organization. In various implementations, a contact's level within an organization may be inferred by the contact's occupational title and known relationships between occupational titles.

Data field 606 may include the plurality of shared contact data items that have been returned by the search based on the search parameters specified in data field 602, and filtered according to the filter parameters specified in data field 604. Data field 606 may include a plurality of data fields displaying various shared contact data items. In this instance, data field 606 may display a contact's name, email address, phone number, company or employer, occupational title, and geographical location. Data field 606 may also display an indication of the last time the shared business contact data item was updated. As shown in data field 606, information associated with a plurality of contacts may be simultaneously presented to the user at the user interface.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of an image 700 of a user interface that presents the identified shared contact data after applying one or more filters in accordance with some implementations of method 200. As shown in data field 702, multiple filters may be applied simultaneously to the shared contact data items returned by the search. In this instance, the user has chosen to apply a filter of “IT & IS,” “Director-Level,” and “Manager-level.” Accordingly, the returned items may be filtered according to a department and level associated with each shared contact data item. As shown in data field 704, only contacts having a company of “UCSF Medical Center” (as identified by the search parameter), having a level (e.g. occupational title) equivalent to “Director” or “Manager,” and having a department of “IT” or “IS” are returned by the search and displayed to the user.

Returning to FIG. 2, at block 210, a selection of contact data items may be received. The selection of contact data items may be made by the user through the user interface in response to being presented with the shared contact data identified by the search. The selection may identify specific contact data items that the user has chosen to integrate into the user's own private contact data. Thus, the user may determine which of the identified shared contact data items should be stored, and which of the identified shared contact data items should not be stored.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an image 800 of a user interface that allows a user to select shared contact data items to store as private contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 200. Data field 802 may display various information associated with a plurality of shared contact data items that have been returned by a search based on a search parameter, and that have been filtered according to at least one filter parameter. In various implementations, data field 804 may include a plurality of data fields, each of the data fields being associated with one of the returned items. Each of the data fields may receive an input that indicates that the returned shared contact data item associated with the data field has been selected to be stored as private contact data. In this instance, the plurality of data fields is comprised of several checkboxes. Thus, according to various embodiments, the user may check a checkbox next to each returned item that the user determines should be included in the private contact data. Data field 806 may receive an input from the user indicating that the selected shared contact data items should be stored as private contact data. In this instance, data field 806 may provide a drop down box that identifies a location where the items should be stored. In various implementations, the location may be the user's own virtual portion of the database system.

Returning to FIG. 2, at block 212, the selected contact data items may be stored. In various implementations, the selected contact data items may be stored locally in the user's own computer system. Thus, a user may select specific contact data items that the user has determined should be included in the user's private contact data, and then store the selected contact data items locally. As previously discussed, the local computer system may be a personal computer or a mobile device. When stored locally, the user may access the contact data without a connection, such as a network connection, to the database service provider.

Moreover, according to various implementations, the user's private contact data may be stored in a virtual portion of a multi-tenant database. Accordingly, while the user interface may be presented to the user at a local computer system, the user's private contact data may be stored remotely in a multi-tenant database system that is part of a cloud-based on-demand database service environment. In this example, the selected contact data items may be stored in the virtual portion of the database system associated with the user. In various implementations, the contact data may be stored both locally and remotely.

In some implementations, the user may determine what type of record is used to store the shared contact data. As previously discussed with respect to FIG. 1, block 102, a record may be one of several types of record. For example, a record may represent a contact, lead, or account. Thus, according to various implementations, the user may determine whether the selected contact data is stored as a contact, a lead, or as an account.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an image 900 of a user interface that may be used to determine how selected shared contact data items are stored as private contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 200. A user may be provided with the user interface illustrated by image 900 in response to the user selecting shared contact data items to store. Data field 902 may provide the user with a list of options that may allow the user to determine how the selected shared contact data items are stored. For example, the user may provide an input to data field 902 that identifies what type of record a selected contact data item belongs to. In this instance, data field 902 has presented the user with the option of storing the selected contact data items as “Leads” or “Contacts.” In this instance, the user has chosen “Contacts.” Accordingly, the selected shared contact items may be stored in the private contact data as “Contacts.” In various implementations, if a selected shared contact data item already exists in the private contact data, the selected item is not stored.

Returning to FIG. 2, at block 214, the shared contact data search parameters may be stored. Thus, in various implementations, in addition to storing the selected shared contact data items, the database service provider may also store the parameters used to identify the selected shared contact data items. As similarly discussed with reference to FIG. 2, block 212, the search parameters may be stored locally or remotely. In various implementations, the stored search parameters may be retrieved and used for future searches performed by the user.

In various implementations, the stored search parameters may provide a search history accessible by the user. For example, upon initiating a search, the user may access the user's search history and recall a previous search performed with parameters previously entered by the user. Thus, according to various implementations, the user may recall the results of a previously performed search based on the stored parameters.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an image 1000 of a user interface that may be used to store search parameters in accordance with some implementations of method 200. As illustrated by data field 1002, the results of a search based on search and filter parameters may be displayed at a user interface. In various implementations, data field 1004 may be used to save the search and filter parameters, as well as the results of the search. In this instance, data field 1004 provides the user with the option to save the search for future use. Thus, according to various implementations, a user may provide an input to data field 1004, such as selecting “Save Search As,” and save the search and filter parameters as well as the search results. The saved search results and parameters may be recalled at a future time. Moreover, in some implementations, a user may specify where a data object including the saved search should be stored. For example, the user may specify that the search results should be stored in a virtual portion of a database system associated with the user, or stored at a local computer system associated with the user.

FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an example of a contact data reconciliation method 300, performed in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, the method 300 may be used to receive a request to reconcile private contact data with shared contact data, compare the private contact data to the shared contact data to identify differences, and reconcile the differences between the private contact data and the shared contact data. Thus, data reconciliation method 300 may be used to integrate contact data aggregated from several sources with a user's private contact data in order to enrich the user's private contact data.

In FIG. 3, at block 302, a request to reconcile private contact data with shared contact data may be received. In various implementations, reconciling the private contact data with the shared contact data may comprise a process in which differences between the two sets of data are resolved to create a unified data set. In some implementations, the request to reconcile private contact data may be issued by a user of a database service provided by a database service provider. The user may issue the request to reconcile the user's private contact data in order to import additional contact information into the user's private contact data from shared contact data, or to evaluate and reconcile differences between the private contact data and the shared contact data.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an image 1100 of a user interface that may be used to issue a request to reconcile private contact data with shared contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 300. In some implementations, image 1100 may present a user with private contact data. Thus, image 1100 may display information associated with a specific entity or contact. For example, data field 1102 may display information regarding the identity of the entity or contact with which the displayed private contact data is associated. In this instance, data field 1104 displays various private contact data items, such as a title, department, birthdate, mailing address, and phone number. Data field 1102 indicates that the information is associated with a contact named “Tim Barr.”

Data field 1106 may present the user the option of reconciling the user's private contact data, as identified by data field 1102, with shared contact data that has been aggregated from several other users. In this instance, data field 1106 provides the user with a button. If the user selects the button, a request to reconcile the private contact data with the shared contact data may be issued to the database service provider.

Data field 1110 may provide information about previously issued requests to reconcile data. Thus, in some implementations, data field 1110 may provide historical information about previous data reconciliations. In various implementations, data field 1110 may also indicate whether or not a request to reconcile data should be issued. For example, data field 1110 may include data field 1112, which may provide the user with an indication of the status of the private contact data. The status may refer to whether or not any discrepancies between the user's private contact data and the shared contact data exist. In this instance, data field 1112 indicates a status of “Clean.” Accordingly, the status identified by data field 1112 indicates that the private contact data is consistent with the shared contact data because no differences exist. Thus, the information stored in the private contact data is as current as possible. In various implementations, data field 1112 may also indicate that the status of the private contact data is not “Clean.” Accordingly, data field 1112 may indicate that more recent, or different, information is available from the shared contact data, and the contact data should be reconciled. Data field 1110 may also include data field 1114, which may provide additional historical information about the reconciliation process. For example, data field 1114 may indicate when the last request to reconcile data was issued, and when the status of the private contact data was last checked.

Returning to FIG. 3, at block 304, a source of private contact data may be identified. In various implementations, the source of the private contact data is the location at which the private contact data is stored. As previously discussed with reference to FIG. 2, block 212, the private contact data may be stored locally or remotely. For example, the private contact data may be stored at a computer system or mobile device used by the user. Moreover, the private contact data may be stored remotely in a multi-tenant database system operated and maintained by a database service provider.

In FIG. 3, at block 306, a source of shared contact data may be identified. In various implementations, the source of the shared contact data is the location at which the shared contact data is stored. As previously discussed with reference to FIG. 1, block 114, the shared contact data may be stored in a virtual portion of a multi-tenant database system operated and maintained by the database service provider. Thus, according to various implementations, the database service provider may identify the source of the shared contact data by determining the location at which the shared contact data is stored.

In some embodiments, the source of the shared contact data may further refer to a particular record or data object that stores shared contact data items relevant to the private contact data that is the basis of the reconciliation. For example, the source of the shared contact data may refer to a record that stores shared contact data items for a particular contact. In some implementations, the source of the shared contact data may be a plurality of records or data objects.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an image 1200 of a user interface that may be used to identify a source of shared contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 300. Data field 1202 may display information about identified private contact data that may form the basis of the reconciliation process. In this instance, data field 1202 displays the name, title, company, email address, and phone number of the contact associated with the identified private contact data. Data field 1204 may display different sources of shared contact data that are available and that may be reconciled with the private contact data. In this instance, the sources are different records storing shared contact data. The user may determine which source of the shared contact data is relevant to reconciling the identified private contact data based on the information displayed in data field 1202. In this instance, each of the records is associated with a contact named “Tim Barr.” However, each of the records has varying contact information. The user may identify which record is most relevant, and choose to reconcile the user's private contact data with the identified record.

Data field 1206 may receive an input that identifies which source of shared contact data should be used to reconcile the private contact data with the shared contact data. In this instance, the data field provides a button capable of receiving a selection of from the user. Thus, in various implementations, the user may select a source of shared contact data that should be reconciled with the private contact data by selecting the appropriate button corresponding to that data source.

Returning to FIG. 3, at block 308, the private contact data may be compared to the shared contact data. Differences between the private contact data and the shared contact data may be determined based on this comparison. For example, private contact data items associated with a contact, such as a sales representative employed by a company, may be stored in a first record as private contact data. The first record may include a plurality of data fields storing the various contact data items associated with the sales representative. For example, the first record may store the sales representative's business address and email address. However, the record might not include the sales representative's business phone number. A second record associated with the sales representative may be stored in the shared contact data. The second record may include the sales representative's business phone number. Thus, according to various implementations, when the first record stored as private contact data is compared to the second record stored as shared contact data, a difference between the first and second may be identified. The difference may indicate that the shared contact data includes the sales representative's business phone number, while the private contact data does not.

In various implementations, a report based on the comparison of the private contact data with the shared contact data may be provided. The report may provide metadata regarding the comparison. Thus, the report may provide an overall indication of how a user's private contact data compares to the shared contact data. For example, the report may indicate how many duplicate contact data items are present (i.e. present in both the private contact data and shared contact data). The report may also indicate how many records associated with contacts are missing information and do not have a contact data item for a particular field. The report may further indicate how much of the user's contact data is incorrect. This may be based on an overall determination of how many shared contact data items conflict with or have different values than the private contact data items. As similarly discussed with reference to FIG. 1, blocks 106 through 110, the credibility of both the shared contact data items and the private contact data items may be used to determine how many of the conflicting private contact data items are less credible than the shared contact data items, and thus incorrect.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of an image 1300 of a user interface that may provide a report about the contact data reconciliation in accordance with some implementations of method 300. The report displayed in image 1300 may be provided to a user after the reconciliation process has been completed. Data field 1302 may display information summarizing the results of the reconciliation process. In various implementations, data field 1302 displays the number of contacts for which shared contact information was imported and stored as private contact data. In this instance, data field 1302 indicates that contact data was imported for 12,000 contacts.

Data field 1304 may provide additional information about the contact data that was imported. In various implementations, data field 1304 may identify how many shared contact data records were already present in the private contact data. In this instance, data field 1304 may identify these occurrences as “Duplicates.” Data field 1304 may represent the number of duplicate entries as a percentage, or a raw number. In this instance, 4,400 duplicate contacts were found.

Data field 1306 may provide information about deficiencies of the private contact data after the reconciliation process. In this instance, data field 1306 identifies such deficiencies as “Missing Information.” Data field 1306 may represent the missing information as a percentage of missing contact data. The percentage may be based on a relationship between the total number of records capable of storing private contact data items and the number of those records that include empty data fields. In addition to providing a percentage, data field 1306 may provide a raw number of contacts that have missing information. In this instance, 2500 contacts have missing contact information.

Data field 1308 may provide information about the differences between the private contact data and the shared contact data. In this instance, data field 1308 identifies the differences as “Incorrect Information.” Data field 1308 may represent the differences as a percentage based on a relationship between the total number of data fields storing private contact data and the number of private contact data items that conflict with the shared contact data and have been deemed less credible than the shared contact data. Furthermore, data field 1308 may provide a raw number of conflicting contact data items that were found. In this instance, 8,160 contacts had contact data that conflicted with the shared contact data and was less credible than the shared contact data.

In various implementations, the indication of differences between the private contact data and the shared contact data may be presented as a side by side comparison displayed at the user interface. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an image 1400 of a user interface that presents differences between the private contact data and the shared contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 300. As discussed above with reference to FIG. 11, at data field 1102, data field 1402 may display information regarding the identity of the entity or contact with which the displayed private contact data is associated. Data field 1404 may display various private contact data items, such as a title, mailing address, email address, fax number, and phone number.

Data field 1404 may include data field 1406. Data field 1406 may display information identifying the status of the private contact data. The status may refer to whether or not the private contact data is consistent with or the same as the shared contact data. Thus, according to various implementations, data field 1406 may provide an overall indication of whether or not the private contact data associated with a contact, in this instance “David Adelson,” is the same as the identified shared contact data associated with this contact. In this instance, because differences exist between the data sets, data field 1406 indicates a status of “different.” Moreover, data field 1406 may further present the user the option of reconciling all data associated with the contact.

Data field 1404 may also include data field 1410. Data field 1410 may provide an indication of whether or not a specific private shared contact data item associated with a contact is consistent with or the same as the corresponding shared contact data item stored in a shared contact data record associated with the contact. Thus, in various implementations, data field 1410 may display status information associated with a single private data contact item. In this instance, there is a difference between a phone number stored in the private contact data associated with “David Adelson” and the shared contact data associated “David Adelson.” In response to being presented with the indication of this difference, the user may select to reconcile the difference by replacing the private contact data with the shared contact data.

In some implementations, the user may choose to view the shared contact data before choosing to reconcile the differences. Accordingly, in various implementations, data field 1412 may be presented to the user in response to receiving the selection to reconcile the difference. Data field 1412 may display the shared contact data item that is different from the private data contact item. In this instance, the shared contact data includes a phone number that is different from a phone number stored in the private contact data. The user may compare the two contact data items and determine how to reconcile the difference between the two.

Returning to FIG. 3, at block 310, the differences between the private contact data and the shared contact data may be reconciled. Reconciliation may be performed by the user. Thus, according to various implementations, the user may be presented with an indication of differences between the private contact data and the shared contact data, and in various implementations, the user may reconcile differences between the two sets of data by selecting which data should be retained. Returning to FIG. 14, the user may reconcile the differences by providing an input to data field 1414. The input received by data field 1414 may identify whether the private contact data or the shared contact data should be stored. In this instance, data field 1414 provides the user with a “thumbs up” and a “thumbs down.” If the user selects the “thumbs up,” the user has indicated that the phone number stored in the shared contact data item is good, and should be stored instead of the private contact data already stored in the user's private contact data. If the user selects the “thumbs down,” the user has indicated that the phone number stored in the shared contact data item is bad, and should not be stored instead of the user's private contact data.

In some implementations, settings may be used to determine how and when reconciliation of differences between shared contact data and private contact data occurs automatically. For example, if a particular difference, such as missing private contact data, is identified, a specific action may be taken to reconcile the difference. In various implementations, the action may be taken automatically by the database service provider. In one example, a user's private contact data may be missing a contact data item that identifies an occupational title associated with a sales representative that the user is currently negotiating with. However, shared contact data associated with the sales representative may include a contact data item that identifies the occupational title of the user. The occupational title of the sales representative may be of value to the user because it provides additional information about the sales representative's position in the hierarchy of the sales representative's organization. A setting may indicate that this difference should be reconciled by automatically importing the shared contact data item into the private contact data. In various implementations, the user may determine the setting.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an image 1500 of a user interface that may be used to select and store settings associated with the reconciliation of the shared contact data with the private contact data in accordance with some implementations of method 300. In various implementations, the settings may be particular to a type of record. For example, a first set of settings may be stored and applied to Contacts, while a second set of settings is stored and applied to Groups. Data field 1502 may display information identifying which type of record the settings are applicable to. In this instance, data field 1502 indicates that the settings displayed in image 1500 are applied to “Leads.” Data field 1504 may include several data fields that may be associated with data fields particular to a type of record used to store contact data items. For example, data field 1504 may include a field associated with the name of a contact.

Data field 1506 may include several settings associated with the data field identified by data field 1504. The settings may identify actions to be taken in specific circumstances. Thus, the settings may identify when private contact data should be updated with, or overwritten by, shared contact data. In this instance, the actions identified in data field 1506 are “Update values,” “Update only empty values,” and “Don't update values.” Accordingly, the values stored in the private contact data may always be updated automatically upon initiation of the reconciliation process, only if the corresponding data item stored in the private contact data is empty, or not automatically updated at all. Data field 1506 may receive an input from the user that selects a setting for a data field identified by field 1504.

Data field 1508 may provide a data field capable of receiving a selection to share the private contact data with the shared contact data. Thus, in addition to determining to retain the user's private contact data instead of replacing it, the user may further decide to share the private contact data with the shared contact data stored by the database service provider. In this instance, data field 1508 provides a plurality of checkboxes. Each checkbox may be associated with a data field identified by data field 1504. If a checkbox is selected, the private contact data item stored within the data fields may be communicated to the shared contact data, and incorporated into the shared contact data if deemed credible, as previously discussed with reference to process 100.

Returning to FIG. 3, at block 312, the updated private contact data may be stored. As previously discussed with reference to FIG. 3, block 304, the private contact data may be stored locally or remotely. Thus, according to various implementations, the updated private contact data that has been reconciled with the shared contact data may also be stored locally or remotely.

In FIG. 3, at block 314, updated shared contact data may be stored. Thus, according to various implementations, the user's selection may be used to determine whether or not the shared contact data should be updated. If the user determines that the user's own data should be stored in the private contact data and that the shared contact data value should be discarded, the database service provider may perform a credibility determination as discussed with respect to FIG. 1, blocks 106 through 114, to determine if the user's private contact data is more credible than the shared contact data. If it is determined that the user's private contact data is more credible, the shared contact data may be updated with the private contact data, and the updated shared contact data may be stored by the database service provider in a database system associated with the database service.

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an example of an organization chart construction method 400, performed in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, organization chart construction method 400 may be used to generate an organizational chart of an organization that identifies individuals included in the organization, and identifies hierarchical relationships between those individuals. For example, a graphical representation of the organizational chart of a company may provide a visual presentation of all employees within the company or a group of the company as well as connections and hierarchical relationships defined by the connections among the employees, such as team-level and user-level management relationships, e.g., which employee supervises or reports to which employee, and visa versa. Furthermore, in various implementations, the organizational chart may identify additional information, such as how a company is structured, e.g., what departments and divisions exist within the company, and what hierarchies of employees and groups of employees exist within those departments and divisions. Thus, organization chart construction method 400 may be used to create a graphical representation of an organizational chart of an organization that provides detailed information about an organization that might not otherwise be available to a user of a database system.

In FIG. 4, at block 402, a request to generate a graphical representation of an organizational chart associated with an organization may be received. In some implementations, the organizational chart provides a visual presentation of individuals, teams, departments, divisions, or other entities within the organization, as well as any structural information indicating hierarchical or other relationships between such individuals, teams, departments, divisions, or other entities for that particular organization. In various implementations, a user of a database system may issue such a request to obtain more information about an organization associated with a contact that the user may know. For example, the user may know a sales manager through various business dealings. In order to increase the user's own sales opportunities, the user may wish to know more about who the sales manager works for, and what other sales divisions exist within the sales manager's company. Thus, the user may issue a request to retrieve information about the company and generate a graphical representation of an organizational chart for the company.

In FIG. 4, at block 404, a first individual to include in the organizational chart may be identified. In various implementations, in response to receiving the request of block 402, the database service provider may identify one or more individuals to include in the organizational chart. In some implementations, the individual(s) may be identified based on the contact originally selected by the user. Therefore, in various implementations, if a user requests a graphical representation of an organizational chart for an organization associated with a contact (such as the company that employs the sales manager), the database service provider may use the contact as the basis for creating the organizational chart. In various implementations, the database service provider may also query a database system for contact data identifying other individuals that are employed by the organization. In some implementations, the contact data may also or alternatively be shared contact data that is crowd sourced, as described above. Thus, in addition to identifying the contact originally selected by the user, the database service provider may identify other contacts that are also employed by the same organization.

In FIG. 4, at block 406, relationship information associated with the first individual may be identified. In various implementations, the relationship information may identify hierarchical relationships between the first individual and a plurality of second individuals associated with the organization. For example, a first individual employed by an organization may supervise a second individual at that organization. Thus, the hierarchical relationship between the first and second individual may be supervisor/supervisee. In various implementations, the database service provider may query various databases to retrieve data identifying hierarchical relationships associated with the first individual. In various implementations, data identifying hierarchical relationships associated with the first individual may refer to additional data included in private and/or shared contact data that provides information about the first individual's place of business, and at least a second individual that works at the first individual's place of business. According to various implementations, the data may be retrieved from shared contact data associated with the first individual. Accordingly, the database service provider may query a database storing contact information that is “crowd sourced” and contributed to by many entities, such as other users of database services. In doing so, the database service provider may retrieve relationship information from a database that has much more information than the user has access to.

In various implementations, hierarchical relationships may be determined based on the retrieved data. In some implementations, a particular type of data field included in contact data records may store a data value identifying a hierarchical relationship associated with an individual. For example, an individual's contact data record may include a field that identifies the individual's supervisor. In various implementations, the data field may be queried in order to identify and determine the individual's supervisor.

In some implementations, a machine algorithm implemented by a database service provider may infer hierarchical relationships based on the retrieved data. For example, the machine algorithm may determine hierarchical relationships based on an individual's level within an organization or department. In some implementations, the machine algorithm may group retrieved data for individuals within an organization, or departments within the organization, by level. The machine algorithm may determine hierarchical relationships between the first individual and a second individual based on known or designated hierarchical relationships between their respective levels within the organization or departments of the organization.

In FIG. 4, at block 408, the organizational chart may be generated based on the first individual and the relationship information. The database service provider may then generate an organizational chart that illustrates how a hierarchy of members or employees of the organization is structured, and how the organization itself is structured. Examples of organizational charts and graphical representations of such are set forth in the FIGs. and the description below. Thus, in various implementations, the organizational chart identifies individuals included in the organization and identifies hierarchical relationships between the individuals. In some implementations, the organizational chart is capable of being displayed at a user interface of a display device. Thus, the organizational chart may be displayed as a graphical representation to the user at a user interface.

FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of another example of an organization chart construction method 500, performed in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, organization chart construction method 500 may be used to identify individuals to add or remove from an organizational chart, identify updated information, update the organizational chart based on the identified information, and generate a graphical depiction of the updated organizational chart.

In FIG. 5, at block 502, a request to create or update an organizational chart for an organization may be received. In various implementations, the request may be issued by a user of the database service and received by the database service provider. As previously discussed, the user may have private contact data stored in a virtual portion of a database system. The private contact data may include contact information about several contacts. Each contact may have an associated organization. For example, a contact, such as an employee of a company, may be employed by “Acme, Inc.” Thus, the organization associated with the contact may be the contact's employer, i.e. “Acme, Inc.” In various implementations, the user may wish to view additional information about the contact's organization, such as which other employees are employed by the organization, and how the organization is structured. Accordingly, the user may issue a request to create or update an organizational chart for the organization.

In various implementations, an existing organizational chart may have already been created. The organizational chart may include previously identified information about existing individuals. In various implementations, the existing organizational chart may have been previously generated by the database service provider as a result of a previous request to view an organizational chart and stored in a record in a database system. In such a situation, the database service provider may retrieve the existing organizational chart in response to receiving the request.

In various implementations, an existing organizational chart might not have been previously generated. In such a situation, there is no existing organizational chart generated by the database service provider. Accordingly, the database service provider may generate the entire organizational chart in response to receiving the request at block 502.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an image 1600 of a user interface that may be used to receive a request to create or update an organizational chart for an organization, in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, image 1600 may include data fields 1602, 1604, and 1606. Data field 1602 may display various contact information associated with a contact or entity included in a user's private contact data. In various implementations, the contact information may include contact data items retrieved from a record associated with the contact. In some implementations, the contact data items displayed in data field 1602 may display information such as the contact's name, a picture of the contact, the contact's occupational title, a business phone number, and a business mailing address.

Data field 1604 may be in the form of an “Org Chart” tab, which a user can click on using a pointing device such as a mouse to display an organizational chart 1605 in this example. The organizational chart 1605 is a partial view of a larger organizational chart, which a user can access by clicking on the “1 Level to CEO” selection to navigate up the hierarchy or the “4 More Levels” selection to navigate down the hierarchy. A computing device configured to generate the user interface of image 1600 displays the graphical depiction of the organizational chart associated with the contact or entity identified in data field 1602. In various implementations, a user may issue such a request to obtain additional information about the organization with which the contact or entity is associated and identify additional contacts or entities based on the additional information. Furthermore, the user may issue such a request if the user will contribute additional information to the organizational chart, as discussed in greater detail below with respect to FIG. 17. In this instance, the user has requested to view a graphical depiction of an organizational chart of an organization with which “Phil Marks” is associated.

In various implementations, data field 1606 may display the organizational chart 1605 for an organization associated with the contact or entity identified by data field 1602. In this instance, the contact “Phil Marks” is associated with the organization “Acme, Inc.” because he is the director of IT at Acme, Inc. Therefore, in response to data field 1604 receiving a request to display an organizational chart associated with Phil Marks, data field 1606 may display an organizational chart depicting a partial presentation of the organizational hierarchy of Acme, Inc. In this instance, an organizational chart has been previously generated by the database service provider and stored in a record in a database system. Thus, the database service provider may retrieve the record from the database system and display the previously generated organizational chart in data field 1606.

Returning to FIG. 5, at block 504, individuals that may be added or removed from the organizational chart may be identified. In various implementations, individuals may be identified by searching contact data for individuals that may be associated with the organization for which the graphical depiction of an organizational chart was requested. In various implementations, an individual associated with the organization may refer to an individual that is employed by the organization, does business with the organization, or has some interaction with the organization. As previously discussed, the database service provider may store and maintain shared contact data in a virtual portion of a database. Thus, the database service provider may query the database and search the shared contact data for individuals that are associated with the organization for which the organizational chart has been requested. For example, the shared contact data may include various records that further include shared contact data items associated with contacts. Thus, each record may be associated with a contact and include a data field capable of storing a value that identifies an organization associated with the contact, as well as a division or group within the organization. For example, a record storing contact data items for an employee of a corporation may include a data field. The data field may store a data value that identifies the corporation, such as Acme, Inc., that employs the employee, or a team of which the employee is a member, such as the sales team. In one example, the data value may be the name of the division or group of the corporation, such as “Sales” or “Legal Department”.

In various implementations, the database service provider may compare the data value stored in the data field (e.g., the corporation's name) with the name of the organization associated with the organizational chart. If the two values are the same, the database service provider may determine that the contact (such as the employee) is associated with the organization for which the organizational chart has been requested and should be added to the organizational chart. The database service provider may continue to search the shared contact data to identify all individuals that should be included in the organizational chart. In some implementations, the database service provider may also perform a similar search of the user's private contact data that may be stored in a different virtual portion of the database system. The results of the searches may be aggregated to form one set of identified individuals that may be included in the organizational chart.

In various implementations, individuals may be identified based on a direct input from a user of a database service provided by the database service provider. Thus, in some implementations, a user may provide information that identifies an individual and identifies a hierarchical relationship between individuals included in an organizational chart. The database service provider may use this information to determine whether or not the individuals should be included in the organizational chart, and what hierarchical relationship(s) should be associated with the identified individual.

In various implementations, the user may provide the previously described information in response to being presented with a graphical depiction of an existing organizational chart. Thus, as described in FIG. 16, data field 1606, the database service provider may have previously generated a graphical depiction of an organizational chart. The previously generated graphical depiction of the organizational chart may have been generated on data previously obtained from the user's private contact data and shared contact data. In various implementations, the previously generated graphical depiction may be presented to the user in response to receiving the request to view an organizational chart.

In response to being presented with the previously generated graphical depiction, the user may determine that additional individuals should be included in the organizational chart. For example, a previously generated organizational chart may identify a first contact as a distribution manager. The user may have recently learned that a second contact now works for the first contact in a subordinate capacity. In various implementations, the user may select the first contact and manually input information identifying the second contact as a subordinate employee.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of an image 1700 of a user interface that may be used to identify an individual to be added to the organizational chart, in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, image 1700 may include data fields 1702, 1704, 1706, and 1708. Data field 1702 may be capable receiving input contact information from the user that may be used as the basis for identifying an individual to be added to the organizational chart. For example, data field 1702 may receive a name, title, and/or email address. The database service provider may search the user's private contact data and shared contact data for contacts or entities with similar or matching contact data items. In this instance, the user has provided a name. In response to receiving the name from the user, the database service provider has searched the user's private contact data and shared contact data for records storing contact data items for contacts or entities having the same or similar names.

Data field 1704 may display contacts or entities from the user's private contact data that have been identified as a result of the search. In this instance, the user's private contact data includes a contact with a name “Amy Williamson.” Thus, contact data for Amy Williamson is displayed in data field 1704. Displaying additional contact data for contacts returned by the search enables the user to determine whether or not the identified contact is the correct contact to be included into the organizational chart. For example, in addition to displaying Amy Williamson's name, her occupational title may be also displayed. In this instance, the user's private contact data does not have an occupational title for Amy Williamson. Thus, data field 1704 displays “no title.”

Data field 1706 may display contacts or entities from shared contact data that have been identified as a result of the search. In this instance, the shared contact data includes contacts with the names “Amy Williams” and “Amy Wells.” Thus contact data for Amy Williams and Amy Wells may be displayed in data field 1706. In this instance, the user has determined that Amy Wells is the correct individual to include in the organizational chart based on the contact information provided in data fields 1704 and 1706. In various implementations, data fields 1704 and 1706 are both capable of receiving an input that identifies a displayed contact as the correct individual to include in the organizational chart. In this instance, the user has indicated that Amy Wells is the correct contact. Thus, data field 1706 may receive an input from the user, such as a mouse click, that selects Amy Wells and indicates to the database service provider that Amy Wells should be included in the organizational chart.

In various implementations, data field 1708 may provide a preview of what the organizational chart may look like after the individual has been added. In this instance, data field 1708 indicates that an additional contact will be added as a subordinate to “Phil Marks.” Thus, in various implementations, data field 1708 provides the user with information that enables the user to verify that the individual to be added to the organizational chart is being added in the correct position within the organization's hierarchy, and that hierarchical relationships associated with the newly added individual are correct.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an image 1800 of a user interface that may be used to confirm the addition of the individual to the organizational chart, in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, image 1800 may include data fields 1802 and 1804. As with data field 1708 of FIG. 17, data field 1802 may display a graphical depiction of what the organizational chart will look like after the individual identified by the user is added to the organizational chart. In this instance, the graphical depiction of the organizational chart will be updated to include an additional contact subordinate to Phil Marks. In this example, the additional contact is Amy Wells. In various implementations, the user may determine that the updated organizational chart is correct based on the information provided by data field 1802.

Data field 1804 may be capable of receiving an input from the user that indicates that the graphical depiction of the organizational chart displayed in data field 1802 is correct. Moreover, the input received by data field 1804 may indicate that the identified contact should be added to the user's private contact data. In this instance, the contact “Amy Wells” will be added to the user's private contact data. Furthermore, the input received by data field 1804 may indicate that the hierarchical relationship identified by the user should be added to the shared contact data. In various implementations, this information may be included in the shared contact data in accordance with the method described by contact data reconciliation method 300. Thus, other users of database services provided by the database service provider may access and utilize the identified hierarchical relationship if they issue a request for a graphical depiction of an organizational chart for this organization.

Returning to FIG. 5, at block 506, updated biographical information for existing individuals may be identified. Thus, in various implementations, if an existing organizational chart has been previously generated, the database service provider may identify updated biographical information for identified existing individuals that were included in the previously generated organizational chart. In some implementations, this may be performed to ensure that the biographical information that is displayed in the generated graphical depiction of the organizational chart is the most recent and accurate biographical information available.

In various implementations, the database service provider may retrieve the updated biographical information from contact data associated with the identified existing individuals. For example, for each of the individuals included in the organizational chart, there may be one or more records storing contact data. In various implementations, the contact data may include contact data items that store data values identifying biographical information associated with the individuals. For example, the contact data items may store a phone number and mailing address for an individual. A database storing the contact data items may be queried by the database service provider, and the most recent contact data for the identified existing individuals may be retrieved. In some implementations, the contact data may be shared contact data that is aggregated from a plurality of entities. Thus, the database service provider may search shared contact data to retrieve updated biographical information for the identified individuals.

In some implementations, if there is no previously generated organizational chart, the database service provider may retrieve all relevant biographical information associated with the identified individuals from the contact data as discussed above and use the retrieved data as the basis of a new organizational chart.

In FIG. 5, at block 508, updated relationship information for existing individuals may be identified. In various implementations, relationship information may refer to information that identifies a hierarchical relationship between two individuals associated with an organization. Thus, relationship information may be data or a data value that describes or provides information about the hierarchical relationship. For example, a first individual may be a marketing analyst. A second individual may be a project manager who supervises the first individual. Thus, a hierarchical relationship may exist between the two in which the hierarchical relationship is that of supervisor/supervisee.

In various implementations, relationship information may be stored in a data field included in a contact data record. For example, a contact data record associated with a first individual may have a “Reports to” data field. The “Reports to” data field may store a value that identifies a second individual who the first individual reports to. Furthermore, in some implementations, the “Reports to” data field may also store a value that identifies a type of hierarchical relationship between the first individual and second individual, such as that of supervisor/supervisee. Thus, the value(s) stored in the “Reports to” data field may identify individuals included in a particular hierarchical relationship and may identify the type of the hierarchical relationship (e.g. whether or not the first individual is subordinate to the second individual).

In various implementations, relationship information may be inferred from a role or social role associated with an individual. In various implementations, a role or social role may describe the individual's interactions with other individuals. For example, if an individual is responsible for making final decisions regarding several sales projects or opportunities for an organization, that individual may have an associated role of “decision maker.” Because such a role may be vital to business decisions related to the organization's ordinary course of business and may directly influence the actions of other individuals included in the organization, it may be inferred that a “decision maker” occupies a higher position within the organization than an individual who is not a “decision maker.” In this way, social roles may be used to infer hierarchical relationships between individuals within the organization. Such inferences may be utilized when other data, such as a “Reports to” field, is not available to the database service provider.

In some implementations a social role associated with an individual may be determined by a machine algorithm which tracks and analyzes actions taken by or otherwise involving an individual. An example of such a machine algorithm may be Radian 6™ made available by Salesforce.com™. According to various implementations, the machine algorithm may receive an input that identifies an individual, such as a “social handle”, and may return metrics capable of identifying the individual's hierarchical position. In some implementations, the metrics may include the individual's social role and a summary of activities associated with the identified social role. In various implementations, such metrics may be determined by the machine algorithm based, at least in part, on the individual's activity history. The activity history may describe the individual's interactions with other individuals or entities. In various implementations, actions taken by an individual and interactions with other individuals or entities may be stored as data objects in one or more records as the individual's activity history. For example, an action in which an individual changes the status of a case from “open” to “closed” may be tracked by a database service provider. In response to the change occurring, the database service provider may create a data object storing one or more data values identifying the individual and the action. The data object may be stored within the record, or as a child object, as part of the individual's activity history. According to some implementations, data objects included in the individual's activity history may be retrieved from shared contact data as well as other crowd sourced data. Thus, actions and interactions involving the individual may be identified based on data contributed to by several entities, such as other users of the database service. The actions and interactions may be associated with a social role based on designated associations between a type of activity and a role. In various implementations, a designated association may associate a pattern of activity with a particular social role. For example, as previously discussed, activities such as routinely making final decisions for business transactions may be associated with the social role “decision maker”.

As further discussed with reference to FIG. 19, relationship information may also be inferred based on an individual's position or level within an organization and/or an individual's department. In various implementations, a machine algorithm may be used to determine an individual's position or level and the individual's department. The machine algorithm may retrieve information from private and/or shared contact data, and it may retrieve information from the individual's activity history. In some implementations, the machine algorithm may query specific types of data fields of contact records to retrieve information identifying the individual's position and department. For example, data fields storing data values identifying the individual's occupational title, company name, and department may be queried. In some implementations, if a data value identifying a department is not available, the machine algorithm may infer the individual's department based on the location of the individual's office. For example, a company may have its corporate sales department located in Austin, Tex. If an individual has a business address of Austin, Tex., the machine algorithm may infer that the individual is part of the corporate sales department. Similar inferences may be made to determine a reporting structure associated with the individual's organization.

According to various implementations, in response to retrieving the information, the machine algorithm may group or cluster the individuals according to their level and/or department. For example, if several individuals have been identified as included in a department and having a position or level of “staff”, they may be grouped according to their level and department. The machine algorithm may infer a hierarchical relationship for all individuals included in that particular level based on a known or designated hierarchical relationship associated with that level. For example, a staff manager may be identified as a manager or supervisor of staff for a particular department. The machine algorithm may infer that any individual within that department at the position or level of “staff” is supervised by the staff manager.

Returning to FIG. 5, at block 508, in some implementations, if an existing organizational chart has been previously generated, the database service provider may identify updated relationship information for the identified existing individuals. Thus, the database service provider may search contact data associated with the identified existing individuals and retrieve relevant contact information, such as values stored in “Reports to” data fields. In various implementations, the database service provider may also retrieve activity information associated with the existing individuals. The activity information may be fed to a machine algorithm to determine social roles that may be used to infer additional relationship information. As previously discussed, a machine algorithm, such as Radian 6™ made available by Salesforce.com™ may be implemented to determine social roles. In various implementations, the machine algorithm may determine social roles based, at least in part, on activity information, such as an individual's activity history.

In various implementations, if there is no previously generated organizational chart, the database service provider may retrieve all relevant relationship information associated with the identified individuals from the contact data. As previously discussed, the database service provider may search for and retrieve relevant contact information, such as values stored in “Reports to” data fields, and activity information that may be used to infer additional relationship information.

In FIG. 5, at block 510, updated structural information for the organization may be identified. In various implementations, structural information may refer to information that describes how an organization is organized. For example, structural information may refer to different divisions within an organization, such as departments or practice groups that may be included within the same organization. Thus, a company may include various departments, such as a sales department, a marketing department, an IT department, an accounting department, and a human resources (HR) department. Structural information for the company may include one or more data values identifying each department within the company and how they are related to each other. Each department may include its own hierarchy of individuals as well as be part of a larger hierarchy of departments. Thus, structural information associated with an organization may provide information regarding how hierarchies within an organization are divided and sub-divided. Structural information may also identify hierarchical relationships between divisions of an organization. For example, the structural information may include a data value indicating that a first department reports to a second department.

In various implementations, structural information may be retrieved from contact data associated with individuals included in the organization. In various implementations, a contact record may store contact data items for an individual included in the organization. The contact data items may include one or more data values identifying a department associated with the individual. For example, an employee who is a database manager may belong to an Internet Technology (IT) department. Thus, a contact record may include a contact data item storing a data value identifying the employee's department as “IT.” The database service provider may search contact data associated with each individual included in the organizational chart for similar contact data items. The database service provider may then identify which departments exist within an organization based on the identified contact data items.

Returning to FIG. 5, at block 510, in various implementations, the database service provider may identify updated structural information for the organization. As previously discussed, the updated structural information may be retrieved from data fields included in contact records for the individuals included in the organization. Thus, the database service provider may search contact records storing contact data for the individuals identified at FIG. 5, block 504 for contact data items that identify structural information about the organization. The database service provider may aggregate this information and store it as a separate record in a virtual portion of a database system operated and maintained by the database service provider.

In FIG. 5, at block 512, the organizational chart may be created or updated based on the identified information. Thus, the information retrieved at blocks 504, 506, and 508 may be incorporated into the organizational chart at block 512. In various implementations, if the database service provider has not already done so, the database service provider may determine whether or not a previously generated organizational chart exists. In various implementations, as discussed in greater detail below with regard to FIG. 5, block 516, organizational charts may be stored in one or more records in a virtual portion of a database system operated and maintained by the database service provider. The database service provider may search the virtual portion of the database system for a record storing an organizational chart associated with the organization.

In various implementations, the database service provider may identify a record that stores an existing organizational chart for the organization. If there is an existing organizational chart, existing information may be replaced by the identified and retrieved updated information. Thus, existing information already stored in the identified record, such as a list of individuals included in the organization for which the organizational chart has been requested, and previously retrieved contact information associated with the individuals, may be replaced by the newly identified and retrieved information. In various implementations, in response to identifying a record that stores an existing organizational chart, the database service provider may create a new record and store all relevant information in the new record as a new organizational chart instead of updating the existing organizational chart.

In various implementations, if there is no existing organizational chart, the identified information may be used to generate new record that includes a new organizational chart. Thus, the database service provider may aggregate the information identifying the individuals to be included in the organizational chart, the biographical and relationship information associated with the individuals, and the structural information associated with the organization. The database service provider may generate a new organizational chart for the organization based on the aggregated information.

In FIG. 5, at block 514, a graphical depiction of the updated organizational chart may be generated. In various implementations, the graphical representation may be an image capable of being displayed in a user interface of a computer device. The graphical depiction of the updated organizational chart may provide the user with various information about individuals included in the organization, and hierarchical relationships between the individuals included in the organization. For example, a hierarchical relationship, such as a first contact reporting to a second contact, may be depicted by a line or connection between the first and second contact. The same may be true for all identified hierarchical relationships associated the individuals included in the graphical depiction of the organizational chart. Thus, the graphical depiction may simultaneously display all identified hierarchical relationships associated with the organization for which the organizational chart has been requested.

Furthermore, the graphical depiction may arrange the identified individuals into groups based on a hierarchical position associated with each individual. In various implementations, a hierarchical position associated with an individual may refer to a position or level within a hierarchy of the organization that is occupied by the individual. For example, a hierarchical position may include all junior-level associates, all senior-level managers, or all department directors. In various implementations, if several individuals are at the same hierarchical position, such as trainee, the several individuals may all be grouped into one level of a hierarchical tree. Thus, grouping individuals according to a position or level within a hierarchy may provide information about indirect hierarchical relationships between individuals. An indirect hierarchical relationship may be a hierarchical relationship where a first individual does not directly report to a second individual, but still occupies a subordinate or inferior position to the second individual. For example, an entry level sales person might not directly report to a regional sales manager, but would be at a lower hierarchical position than the regional sales manager.

In various implementations, the graphical depiction may display various contact information for one or more individual(s) included in the organizational chart. For example, the graphical depiction of the organizational chart may include a data field for each individual included in the organizational chart. The data field may display information that identifies the individual and provides contact information for the individual. For example, the data field may be displayed as graphical icon representing the individual. The icon may display a picture that has been retrieved from a contact record storing contact data for the individual. The icon may also display the individual's occupational title. The occupational title may provide additional context or information regarding the hierarchical relationship between the individual and other individuals that he or she may report to.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an image 1900 of a user interface that may be used to display a graphical depiction of an updated organizational chart 1901 associated with an organization, in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, image 1900 may include data fields 1902, 1904, 1906, 1908, 1910, and 1912. As with data field 1602 of FIG. 16, data field 1902 may display various contact data items for a contact or entity included in a user's private contact data. In some implementations, the contact data items displayed in data field 1902 may include the contact's name, a picture of the contact, the contact's occupational title, a business phone number, and a business mailing address.

In various implementations, data field 1904 may display a graphical depiction of an updated organizational chart 1901 for an organization associated with the contact identified in data field 1902. In this instance, data field 1904 displays an updated organizational chart for “Acme, Inc.,” which is the company that employs the contact “Phil Marks” as identified by data field 1902. In this instance, the updated organizational chart 1901 displayed in data field 1904 has been updated to include an additional individual, “Amy Wells” in this example.

In various implementations, organizational chart 1901 may be arranged to display individuals included in an organization according to their positions within the hierarchy of an organization. Accordingly, data field 1904 may include data fields 1906, 1908, 1910, and 1912. In various implementations, data field 1906 may display the next highest level in the hierarchy of the organization with respect to the contact identified in data field 1902. In this instance, data field 1906 displays contact information for “Darren Mack” who is the CIO of the organization and directly supervises “Phil Marks,” who is the contact identified by data field 1902 and the contact for whom the graphical depiction of the organizational chart was originally requested.

In various implementations, data field 1908 may include information for all individuals that are subordinate to and directly report to the individuals identified in data field 1906. In this instance, the individuals “Billie Willis,” “Jill Garza,” “Phil Marks,” “Raymond Myers,” and “Rose Anders” all directly report to Darren Mack. Thus, contact information and a hierarchical relationship for these individuals is displayed in data field 1908.

In various implementations, data field 1910 may include information for all individuals that are subordinate to and directly report to one or more of the individuals identified in data field 1908. In this instance, the individuals “Amy Wells,” “Sheila Collins,” “William Johnson,” and “Ben Smith” all directly report to Phil Marks. Thus, contact information and hierarchical relationship information for these individuals is displayed in data field 1910. In this way, data fields 1906, 1908, and 1910 may each display contact information for individuals organized based on their position within a hierarchy of the organization and based on their hierarchical relationships with each other.

In various implementations, data field 1912 may provide a link to additional levels in the hierarchy of the organization that may exist but have not been displayed in data field 1904. In some implementations, displaying various levels of the hierarchy of the organization may be omitted to simplify the graphical depiction of the organizational chart. Thus, in various implementations, the graphical depiction of the organizational chart may be constrained based on a number of intermediate connections between the contact identified in data field 1902 and an individual included in the organizational chart. In this instance, the graphical depiction of the organizational chart has been requested for “Phil Marks.” Thus, a graphical depiction of the organizational chart has been generated that includes levels in the organizational hierarchy immediately above and below Phil Marks. However, other levels in the hierarchy might not be as relevant to the user's inquiry. In various implementations, the user might only be interested in Phil Marks's position within the organization, and not the organization as a whole. Thus, to simplify the graphical depiction of the organizational chart, less relevant levels of the organizational hierarchy may be omitted from the graphical depiction of the organizational chart, but remain available upon request (i.e. providing an input to a data field, such as data field 1912).

Returning to FIG. 5, at block 516, the updated organizational chart may be stored. The updated organizational chart may be stored in a record in a virtual portion of the database system associated with the user. Thus, the updated organizational chart may be stored and retrieved by the user at a subsequent time. In some implementations, the updated organizational chart may be stored in a shared virtual portion of the database system. Thus, the updated organizational chart may be added to other crowd sourced information maintained by the database service provider. In some implementations, the updated organizational chart may be stored in the same virtual portion of a database system that stores the user's private contact data. In various implementations, the updated organizational chart may be stored locally at a computing system operated by the user. When stored locally, the user may access and retrieve the updated organizational chart when a connection, such as a network connection, with the database service provider is not present.

FIG. 20A shows a system diagram 2000 illustrating architectural components of an on-demand service environment that may be used to implement a contact data unification method, in accordance with some implementations.

A client machine located in the cloud 2004 (or Internet) may communicate with the on-demand service environment via one or more edge routers 2008 and 2012. The edge routers may communicate with one or more core switches 2020 and 2024 via firewall 2016. The core switches may communicate with a load balancer 2028, which may distribute server load over different pods, such as the pods 2040 and 2044. The pods 2040 and 2044, which may each include one or more servers and/or other computing resources, may perform data processing and other operations used to provide on-demand services. Communication with the pods may be conducted via pod switches 2032 and 2036. Components of the on-demand service environment may communicate with a database storage system 2056 via a database firewall 2048 and a database switch 2052.

As shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B, accessing an on-demand service environment may involve communications transmitted among a variety of different hardware and/or software components. Further, the on-demand service environment 2000 is a simplified representation of an actual on-demand service environment. For example, while only one or two devices of each type are shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B, some embodiments of an on-demand service environment may include anywhere from one to many devices of each type. Also, the on-demand service environment need not include each device shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B, or may include additional devices not shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B.

Moreover, one or more of the devices in the on-demand service environment 2000 may be implemented on the same physical device or on different hardware. Some devices may be implemented using hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Thus, terms such as “data processing apparatus,” “machine,” “server” and “device” as used herein are not limited to a single hardware device, but rather include any hardware and software configured to provide the described functionality.

The cloud 2004 is intended to refer to a data network or plurality of data networks, often including the Internet. Client machines located in the cloud 2004 may communicate with the on-demand service environment to access services provided by the on-demand service environment. For example, client machines may access the on-demand service environment to retrieve, store, edit, and/or process information.

In some embodiments, the edge routers 2008 and 2012 route packets between the cloud 2004 and other components of the on-demand service environment 2000. The edge routers 2008 and 2012 may employ the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The BGP is the core routing protocol of the Internet. The edge routers 2008 and 2012 may maintain a table of IP networks or ‘prefixes’ which designate network reachability among autonomous systems on the Internet.

In one or more embodiments, the firewall 2016 may protect the inner components of the on-demand service environment 2000 from Internet traffic. The firewall 2016 may block, permit, or deny access to the inner components of the on-demand service environment 2000 based upon a set of rules and other criteria. The firewall 2016 may act as one or more of a packet filter, an application gateway, a stateful filter, a proxy server, or any other type of firewall.

In some embodiments, the core switches 2020 and 2024 are high-capacity switches that transfer packets within the on-demand service environment 2000. The core switches 2020 and 2024 may be configured as network bridges that quickly route data between different components within the on-demand service environment. In some embodiments, the use of two or more core switches 2020 and 2024 may provide redundancy and/or reduced latency.

In some embodiments, the pods 2040 and 2044 may perform the core data processing and service functions provided by the on-demand service environment. Each pod may include various types of hardware and/or software computing resources. An example of the pod architecture is discussed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 20B.

In some embodiments, communication between the pods 2040 and 2044 may be conducted via the pod switches 2032 and 2036. The pod switches 2032 and 2036 may facilitate communication between the pods 2040 and 2044 and client machines located in the cloud 2004, for example via core switches 2020 and 2024. Also, the pod switches 2032 and 2036 may facilitate communication between the pods 2040 and 2044 and the database storage 2056.

In some embodiments, the load balancer 2028 may distribute workload between the pods 2040 and 2044. Balancing the on-demand service requests between the pods may assist in improving the use of resources, increasing throughput, reducing response times, and/or reducing overhead. The load balancer 2028 may include multilayer switches to analyze and forward traffic.

In some embodiments, access to the database storage 2056 may be guarded by a database firewall 2048. The database firewall 2048 may act as a computer application firewall operating at the database application layer of a protocol stack. The database firewall 2048 may protect the database storage 2056 from application attacks such as structure query language (SQL) injection, database rootkits, and unauthorized information disclosure.

In some embodiments, the database firewall 2048 may include a host using one or more forms of reverse proxy services to proxy traffic before passing it to a gateway router. The database firewall 2048 may inspect the contents of database traffic and block certain content or database requests. The database firewall 2048 may work on the SQL application level atop the TCP/IP stack, managing applications' connection to the database or SQL management interfaces as well as intercepting and enforcing packets traveling to or from a database network or application interface.

In some embodiments, communication with the database storage system 2056 may be conducted via the database switch 2052. The multi-tenant database system 2056 may include more than one hardware and/or software components for handling database queries. Accordingly, the database switch 2052 may direct database queries transmitted by other components of the on-demand service environment (e.g., the pods 2040 and 2044) to the correct components within the database storage system 2056.

In some embodiments, the database storage system 2056 is an on-demand database system shared by many different organizations. The on-demand database system may employ a multi-tenant approach, a virtualized approach, or any other type of database approach. An on-demand database system is discussed in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 21 and 22.

FIG. 20B shows a system diagram further illustrating architectural components of an on-demand service environment that may be used to implement a contact data unification method, in accordance with some implementations.

In some embodiments, each pod may include a variety of servers and/or other systems. The pod 2044 includes one or more content batch servers 2064, content search servers 2068, query servers 2072, file force servers 2076, access control system (ACS) servers 2080, batch servers 2084, and app servers 2088. Also, the pod 2044 includes database instances 2090, quick file systems (QFS) 2092, and indexers 2094. In one or more embodiments, some or all communication between the servers in the pod 2044 may be transmitted via the switch 2036.

In some embodiments, the application servers 2088 may include a hardware and/or software framework dedicated to the execution of procedures (e.g., programs, routines, scripts) for supporting the construction of applications provided by the on-demand service environment 2000 via the pod 2044. Some such procedures may include operations for providing the services described herein.

The content batch servers 2064 may requests internal to the pod. These requests may be long-running and/or not tied to a particular customer. For example, the content batch servers 2064 may handle requests related to log mining, cleanup work, and maintenance tasks.

The content search servers 2068 may provide query and indexer functions. For example, the functions provided by the content search servers 2068 may allow users to search through content stored in the on-demand service environment.

The Fileforce servers 2076 may manage requests information stored in the Fileforce storage 2078. The Fileforce storage 2078 may store information such as documents, images, and basic large objects (BLOBs). By managing requests for information using the Fileforce servers 2076, the image footprint on the database may be reduced.

The query servers 2072 may be used to retrieve information from one or more file systems. For example, the query system 2072 may receive requests for information from the app servers 2088 and then transmit information queries to the NFS 2096 located outside the pod.

The pod 2044 may share a database instance 2090 configured as a multi-tenant environment in which different organizations share access to the same database. Additionally, services rendered by the pod 2044 may require various hardware and/or software resources. In some embodiments, the ACS servers 2080 may control access to data, hardware resources, or software resources.

In some embodiments, the batch servers 2084 may process batch jobs, which are used to run tasks at specified times. Thus, the batch servers 2084 may transmit instructions to other servers, such as the app servers 2088, to trigger the batch jobs.

In some embodiments, the QFS 2092 may be an open source file system available from Sun Microsystems® of Santa Clara, Calif. The QFS may serve as a rapid-access file system for storing and accessing information available within the pod 2044. The QFS 2092 may support some volume management capabilities, allowing many disks to be grouped together into a file system. File system metadata can be kept on a separate set of disks, which may be useful for streaming applications where long disk seeks cannot be tolerated. Thus, the QFS system may communicate with one or more content search servers 2068 and/or indexers 2094 to identify, retrieve, move, and/or update data stored in the network file systems 2096 and/or other storage systems.

In some embodiments, one or more query servers 2072 may communicate with the NFS 2096 to retrieve and/or update information stored outside of the pod 2044. The NFS 2096 may allow servers located in the pod 2044 to access information to access files over a network in a manner similar to how local storage is accessed.

In some embodiments, queries from the query servers 2022 may be transmitted to the NFS 2096 via the load balancer 2020, which may distribute resource requests over various resources available in the on-demand service environment. The NFS 2096 may also communicate with the QFS 2092 to update the information stored on the NFS 2096 and/or to provide information to the QFS 2092 for use by servers located within the pod 2044.

In some embodiments, the pod may include one or more database instances 2090. The database instance 2090 may transmit information to the QFS 2092. When information is transmitted to the QFS, it may be available for use by servers within the pod 2044 without requiring an additional database call.

In some embodiments, database information may be transmitted to the indexer 2094. Indexer 2094 may provide an index of information available in the database 2090 and/or QFS 2092. The index information may be provided to file force servers 2076 and/or the QFS 2092.

FIG. 21 shows a system diagram 2110 illustrating the architecture of a multitenant database environment, in accordance with some implementations.

Environment 2110 includes an on-demand database service 2116. User system 2112 may be any machine or system that is used by a user to access a database user system. For example, any of user systems 2112 can be a handheld computing device, a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a work station, and/or a network of computing devices. As illustrated in FIGS. 21 and 22, user systems 2112 might interact via a network 2114 with the on-demand database service 2116.

An on-demand database service, such as system 2116, is a database system that is made available to outside users that do not need to necessarily be concerned with building and/or maintaining the database system, but instead may be available for their use when the users need the database system (e.g., on the demand of the users). Some on-demand database services may store information from one or more tenants stored into tables of a common database image to form a multi-tenant database system (MTS).

Accordingly, “on-demand database service 2116” and “system 2116” will be used interchangeably herein. A database image may include one or more database objects. A relational database management system (RDBMS) or the equivalent may execute storage and retrieval of information against the database object(s). Application platform 2118 may be a framework that allows the applications of system 2116 to run, such as the hardware and/or software, e.g., the operating system. In an embodiment, on-demand database service 2116 may include an application platform 2118 that enables creation, managing and executing one or more applications developed by the provider of the on-demand database service, users accessing the on-demand database service via user systems 2112, or third party application developers accessing the on-demand database service via user systems 2112.

One arrangement for elements of system 2116 is shown in FIG. 21, including a network interface 2120, application platform 2118, tenant data storage 2122 for tenant data 2123, system data storage 2124 for system data 2125 accessible to system 2116 and possibly multiple tenants, program code 2126 for implementing various functions of system 2116, and a process space 2128 for executing MTS system processes and tenant-specific processes, such as running applications as part of an application hosting service. Additional processes that may execute on system 2116 include database indexing processes.

The users of user systems 2112 may differ in their respective capacities, and the capacity of a particular user system 2112 might be entirely determined by permissions (permission levels) for the current user. For example, where a call center agent is using a particular user system 2112 to interact with system 2116, the user system 2112 has the capacities allotted to that call center agent. However, while an administrator is using that user system to interact with system 2116, that user system has the capacities allotted to that administrator. In systems with a hierarchical role model, users at one permission level may have access to applications, data, and database information accessible by a lower permission level user, but may not have access to certain applications, database information, and data accessible by a user at a higher permission level. Thus, different users may have different capabilities with regard to accessing and modifying application and database information, depending on a user's security or permission level.

Network 2114 is any network or combination of networks of devices that communicate with one another. For example, network 2114 can be any one or any combination of a LAN (local area network), WAN (wide area network), telephone network, wireless network, point-to-point network, star network, token ring network, hub network, or other appropriate configuration. As the most common type of computer network in current use is a TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) network (e.g., the Internet), that network will be used in many of the examples herein. However, it should be understood that the networks used in some embodiments are not so limited, although TCP/IP is a frequently implemented protocol.

User systems 2112 might communicate with system 2116 using TCP/IP and, at a higher network level, use other common Internet protocols to communicate, such as HTTP, FTP, AFS, WAP, etc. In an example where HTTP is used, user system 2112 might include an HTTP client commonly referred to as a “browser” for sending and receiving HTTP messages to and from an HTTP server at system 2116. Such an HTTP server might be implemented as the sole network interface between system 2116 and network 2114, but other techniques might be used as well or instead. In some implementations, the interface between system 2116 and network 2114 includes load sharing functionality, such as round-robin HTTP request distributors to balance loads and distribute incoming HTTP requests evenly over a plurality of servers. At least as for the users that are accessing that server, each of the plurality of servers has access to the MTS' data; however, other alternative configurations may be used instead.

In one embodiment, system 2116, shown in FIG. 21, implements a web-based customer relationship management (CRM) system. For example, in one embodiment, system 2116 includes application servers configured to implement and execute CRM software applications as well as provide related data, code, forms, web pages and other information to and from user systems 2112 and to store to, and retrieve from, a database system related data, objects, and Webpage content. With a multi-tenant system, data for multiple tenants may be stored in the same physical database object, however, tenant data typically is arranged so that data of one tenant is kept logically separate from that of other tenants so that one tenant does not have access to another tenant's data, unless such data is expressly shared. In certain embodiments, system 2116 implements applications other than, or in addition to, a CRM application. For example, system 2116 may provide tenant access to multiple hosted (standard and custom) applications. User (or third party developer) applications, which may or may not include CRM, may be supported by the application platform 2118, which manages creation, storage of the applications into one or more database objects and executing of the applications in a virtual machine in the process space of the system 2116.

Each user system 2112 could include a desktop personal computer, workstation, laptop, PDA, cell phone, or any wireless access protocol (WAP) enabled device or any other computing device capable of interfacing directly or indirectly to the Internet or other network connection. User system 2112 typically runs an HTTP client, e.g., a browsing program, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer® browser, Mozilla's Firefox® browser, Opera's browser, or a WAP-enabled browser in the case of a cell phone, PDA or other wireless device, or the like, allowing a user (e.g., subscriber of the multi-tenant database system) of user system 2112 to access, process and view information, pages and applications available to it from system 2116 over network 2114.

Each user system 2112 also typically includes one or more user interface devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, trackball, touch pad, touch screen, pen or the like, for interacting with a graphical user interface (GUI) provided by the browser on a display (e.g., a monitor screen, LCD display, etc.) in conjunction with pages, forms, applications and other information provided by system 2116 or other systems or servers. For example, the user interface device can be used to access data and applications hosted by system 2116, and to perform searches on stored data, and otherwise allow a user to interact with various GUI pages that may be presented to a user. As discussed above, embodiments are suitable for use with the Internet, which refers to a specific global internetwork of networks. However, it should be understood that other networks can be used instead of the Internet, such as an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a non-TCP/IP based network, any LAN or WAN or the like.

According to one embodiment, each user system 2112 and all of its components are operator configurable using applications, such as a browser, including computer code run using a central processing unit such as an Intel Pentium® processor or the like. Similarly, system 2116 (and additional instances of an MTS, where more than one is present) and all of their components might be operator configurable using application(s) including computer code to run using a central processing unit such as processor system 2117, which may include an Intel Pentium® processor or the like, and/or multiple processor units.

A computer program product embodiment includes a machine-readable storage medium (media) having instructions stored thereon/in which can be used to program a computer to perform any of the processes of the embodiments described herein. Computer code for operating and configuring system 2116 to intercommunicate and to process web pages, applications and other data and media content as described herein are preferably downloaded and stored on a hard disk, but the entire program code, or portions thereof, may also be stored in any other volatile or non-volatile memory medium or device, such as a ROM or RAM, or provided on any media capable of storing program code, such as any type of rotating media including floppy disks, optical discs, digital versatile disk (DVD), compact disk (CD), microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, and magnetic or optical cards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs), or any type of media or device suitable for storing instructions and/or data. Additionally, the entire program code, or portions thereof, may be transmitted and downloaded from a software source over a transmission medium, e.g., over the Internet, or from another server, or transmitted over any other conventional network connection (e.g., extranet, VPN, LAN, etc.) using any communication medium and protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, Ethernet, etc.). It will also be appreciated that computer code for implementing embodiments can be implemented in any programming language that can be executed on a client system and/or server or server system such as, for example, C, C++, HTML, any other markup language, Java™, JavaScript®, ActiveX®, any other scripting language, such as VBScript, and many other programming languages as are well known may be used. (Java™ is a trademark of Sun Microsystems®, Inc.).

According to one embodiment, each system 2116 is configured to provide web pages, forms, applications, data and media content to user (client) systems 2112 to support the access by user systems 2112 as tenants of system 2116. As such, system 2116 provides security mechanisms to keep each tenant's data separate unless the data is shared. If more than one MTS is used, they may be located in close proximity to one another (e.g., in a server farm located in a single building or campus), or they may be distributed at locations remote from one another (e.g., one or more servers located in city A and one or more servers located in city B). As used herein, each MTS could include logically and/or physically connected servers distributed locally or across one or more geographic locations. Additionally, the term “server” is meant to include a computer system, including processing hardware and process space(s), and an associated storage system and database application (e.g., OODBMS or RDBMS) as is well known in the art.

It should also be understood that “server system” and “server” are often used interchangeably herein. Similarly, the database object described herein can be implemented as single databases, a distributed database, a collection of distributed databases, a database with redundant online or offline backups or other redundancies, etc., and might include a distributed database or storage network and associated processing intelligence.

FIG. 22 shows a system diagram 2110 further illustrating the architecture of a multitenant database environment, in accordance with some implementations. FIG. 22 shows that user system 2112 may include processor system 2112A, memory system 2112B, input system 2112C, and output system 2112D. FIG. 22 shows network 2114 and system 2116. FIG. 22 also shows that system 2116 may include tenant data storage 2122, tenant data 2123, system data storage 2124, system data 2125, User Interface (UI) 2230, Application Program Interface (API) 2232, PL/SOQL 2234, save routines 2236, application setup mechanism 2238, applications servers 22001-2400N, system process space 2202, tenant process spaces 2204, tenant management process space 2210, tenant storage area 2212, user storage 2214, and application metadata 2216. In other embodiments, environment 2110 may not have the same elements as those listed above and/or may have other elements instead of, or in addition to, those listed above.

User system 2112, network 2114, system 2116, tenant data storage 2122, and system data storage 2124 were discussed above in FIG. 21. Regarding user system 2112, processor system 2112A may be any combination of processors. Memory system 2112B may be any combination of one or more memory devices, short term, and/or long term memory. Input system 2112C may be any combination of input devices, such as keyboards, mice, trackballs, scanners, cameras, and/or interfaces to networks. Output system 2112D may be any combination of output devices, such as monitors, printers, and/or interfaces to networks. As shown by FIG. 22, system 2116 may include a network interface 2120 (of FIG. 21) implemented as a set of HTTP application servers 2200, an application platform 2118, tenant data storage 2122, and system data storage 2124. Also shown is system process space 2202, including individual tenant process spaces 2204 and a tenant management process space 2210. Each application server 2200 may be configured to tenant data storage 2122 and the tenant data 2123 therein, and system data storage 2124 and the system data 2125 therein to serve requests of user systems 2112. The tenant data 2123 might be divided into individual tenant storage areas 2212, which can be either a physical arrangement and/or a logical arrangement of data. Within each tenant storage area 2212, user storage 2214 and application metadata 2216 might be similarly allocated for each user. For example, a copy of a user's most recently used (MRU) items might be stored to user storage 2214. Similarly, a copy of MRU items for an entire organization that is a tenant might be stored to tenant storage area 2212. A UI 2230 provides a user interface and an API 2232 provides an application programmer interface to system 2116 resident processes to users and/or developers at user systems 2112. The tenant data and the system data may be stored in various databases, such as Oracle™ databases.

Application platform 2118 includes an application setup mechanism 2238 that supports application developers' creation and management of applications, which may be saved as metadata into tenant data storage 2122 by save routines 2236 for execution by subscribers as tenant process spaces 2204 managed by tenant management process 2210 for example. Invocations to such applications may be coded using PL/SOQL 34 that provides a programming language style interface extension to API 2232. A detailed description of some PL/SOQL language embodiments is discussed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,730,478, titled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ALLOWING ACCESS TO DEVELOPED APPLICATIONS VIA A MULTI-TENANT ON-DEMAND DATABASE SERVICE, by Craig Weissman, filed Sep. 20, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes. Invocations to applications may be detected by system processes, which manage retrieving application metadata 2216 for the subscriber making the invocation and executing the metadata as an application in a virtual machine.

Each application server 2200 may be communicably coupled to database systems, e.g., having access to system data 2125 and tenant data 2123, via a different network connection. For example, one application server 22001 might be coupled via the network 2114 (e.g., the Internet), another application server 2200N−1 might be coupled via a direct network link, and another application server 2200N might be coupled by yet a different network connection. Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are typical protocols for communicating between application servers 2200 and the database system. However, other transport protocols may be used to optimize the system depending on the network interconnect used.

In certain embodiments, each application server 2200 is configured to handle requests for any user associated with any organization that is a tenant. Because it is desirable to be able to add and remove application servers from the server pool at any time for any reason, there is preferably no server affinity for a user and/or organization to a specific application server 2200. In one embodiment, therefore, an interface system implementing a load balancing function (e.g., an F5 Big-IP load balancer) is communicably coupled between the application servers 2200 and the user systems 2112 to distribute requests to the application servers 2200. In one embodiment, the load balancer uses a least connections algorithm to route user requests to the application servers 2200. Other examples of load balancing algorithms, such as round robin and observed response time, also can be used. For example, in certain embodiments, three consecutive requests from the same user could hit three different application servers 2200, and three requests from different users could hit the same application server 2200. In this manner, system 2116 is multi-tenant, wherein system 2116 handles storage of, and access to, different objects, data and applications across disparate users and organizations.

As an example of storage, one tenant might be a company that employs a sales force where each call center agent uses system 2116 to manage their sales process. Thus, a user might maintain contact data, leads data, customer follow-up data, performance data, goals and progress data, etc., all applicable to that user's personal sales process (e.g., in tenant data storage 2122). In an example of a MTS arrangement, since all of the data and the applications to access, view, modify, report, transmit, calculate, etc., can be maintained and accessed by a user system having nothing more than network access, the user can manage his or her sales efforts and cycles from any of many different user systems. For example, if a call center agent is visiting a customer and the customer has Internet access in their lobby, the call center agent can obtain critical updates as to that customer while waiting for the customer to arrive in the lobby.

While each user's data might be separate from other users' data regardless of the employers of each user, some data might be organization-wide data shared or accessible by a plurality of users or all of the users for a given organization that is a tenant. Thus, there might be some data structures managed by system 2116 that are allocated at the tenant level while other data structures might be managed at the user level. Because an MTS might support multiple tenants including possible competitors, the MTS should have security protocols that keep data, applications, and application use separate. Also, because many tenants may opt for access to an MTS rather than maintain their own system, redundancy, up-time, and backup are additional functions that may be implemented in the MTS. In addition to user-specific data and tenant specific data, system 2116 might also maintain system level data usable by multiple tenants or other data. Such system level data might include industry reports, news, postings, and the like that are sharable among tenants.

In certain embodiments, user systems 2112 (which may be client machines/systems) communicate with application servers 2200 to request and update system-level and tenant-level data from system 2116 that may require sending one or more queries to tenant data storage 2122 and/or system data storage 2124. System 2116 (e.g., an application server 2200 in system 2116) automatically generates one or more SQL statements (e.g., SQL queries) that are designed to access the desired information. System data storage 2124 may generate query plans to access the requested data from the database.

Each database can generally be viewed as a collection of objects, such as a set of logical tables, containing data fitted into predefined categories. A “table” is one representation of a data object, and may be used herein to simplify the conceptual description of objects and custom objects according to some embodiments. It should be understood that “table” and “object” may be used interchangeably herein. Each table generally contains one or more data categories logically arranged as columns or fields in a viewable schema. Each row or record of a table contains an instance of data for each category defined by the fields. For example, a CRM database may include a table that describes a customer with fields for basic contact information such as name, address, phone number, fax number, etc. Another table might describe a purchase order, including fields for information such as customer, product, sale price, date, etc. In some multi-tenant database systems, standard entity tables might be provided for use by all tenants. For CRM database applications, such standard entities might include tables for contact, lead, and opportunity data, each containing pre-defined fields. It should be understood that the word “entity” may also be used interchangeably herein with “object” and “table”.

In some multi-tenant database systems, tenants may be allowed to create and store custom objects, or they may be allowed to customize standard entities or objects, for example by creating custom fields for standard objects, including custom index fields. U.S. Pat. No. 7,779,039, titled CUSTOM ENTITIES AND FIELDS IN A MULTI-TENANT DATABASE SYSTEM, by Weissman, et al., and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes, teaches systems and methods for creating custom objects as well as customizing standard objects in a multi-tenant database system. In some embodiments, for example, all custom entity data rows are stored in a single multi-tenant physical table, which may contain multiple logical tables per organization. In some embodiments, multiple “tables” for a single customer may actually be stored in one large table and/or in the same table as the data of other customers.

These and other aspects of the disclosure may be implemented by various types of hardware, software, firmware, etc. For example, some features of the disclosure may be implemented, at least in part, by machine-readable media that include program instructions, state information, etc., for performing various operations described herein. Examples of program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher-level code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter. Examples of machine-readable media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM disks; magneto-optical media; and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and perform program instructions, such as read-only memory devices (“ROM”) and random access memory (“RAM”).

While one or more implementations and techniques are described with reference to an embodiment in which a service cloud console is implemented in a system having an application server providing a front end for an on-demand database service capable of supporting multiple tenants, the one or more implementations and techniques are not limited to multi-tenant databases nor deployment on application servers. Embodiments may be practiced using other database architectures, i.e., ORACLE®, DB2® by IBM and the like without departing from the scope of the embodiments claimed.

Any of the above embodiments may be used alone or together with one another in any combination. Although various embodiments may have been motivated by various deficiencies with the prior art, which may be discussed or alluded to in one or more places in the specification, the embodiments do not necessarily address any of these deficiencies. In other words, different embodiments may address different deficiencies that may be discussed in the specification. Some embodiments may only partially address some deficiencies or just one deficiency that may be discussed in the specification, and some embodiments may not address any of these deficiencies.

While various embodiments have been described herein, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present application should not be limited by any of the embodiments described herein, but should be defined only in accordance with the following and later-submitted claims and their equivalents. 

1. A computer implemented method comprising: receiving a request to generate a graphical representation of an organizational chart associated with an organization; identifying a first individual to include in the organizational chart; identifying relationship information associated with the first individual, the relationship information identifying hierarchical relationships between the first individual and a plurality of second individuals associated with the organization; and generating the organizational chart based on the first individual and the relationship information, the organizational chart identifying the first and second individuals and the hierarchical relationships, a graphical representation of the organizational chart capable of being displayed at a user interface of a display device.
 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the relationship information includes shared contact data aggregated from a plurality of entities and stored in a first virtual portion of a database system, the first virtual portion of the database system accessible by the plurality of entities.
 3. The computer implemented method of claim 2 further comprising: storing the organizational chart in a second virtual portion of the database system, the second virtual portion of the database system storing private contact data accessible by a user of a database service.
 4. The computer implemented method of claim 3, wherein the database system comprises one or more multitenant databases accessible via an on-demand computing services environment.
 5. The computer implemented method of claim 1 further comprising: identifying structural information of the organization.
 6. The computer implemented method of claim 5, wherein the structural information of the organization identifies at least a portion of the hierarchical relationships as being between divisions included in the organization.
 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the relationship information includes biographical information associated with one or more of the first and second individuals.
 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: determining at least a portion of the relationship information based on a role associated with the first individual, the role indicated by one or more actions between the first individual and one or more of the second individuals.
 9. The computer implemented method of claim 8, wherein the role is selected from a group consisting of: a decision maker, an influencer, and a gate keeper.
 10. The computer implemented method of claim 8, wherein the role is indicated by shared contact data aggregated from a plurality of entities and stored in a virtual portion of a database system, the virtual portion of the database system accessible by the plurality of entities.
 11. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first individual identified to include in the organizational chart is identified in a previously generated organizational chart.
 12. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first individual is identified based on an input received by a database service provider from a user.
 13. A system comprising: a database system including one or more tables configured to store relationship information; and one or more servers configured to: receive a request to generate a graphical representation of an organizational chart associated with an organization; identify a first individual to include in the organizational chart; identify relationship information associated with the first individual, the relationship information identifying hierarchical relationships between the first individual and a plurality of second individuals associated with the organization; and generate the organizational chart based on the first individual and the relationship information, the organizational chart identifying the first and second individuals and the hierarchical relationships, a graphical representation of the organizational chart capable of being displayed at a user interface of a display device.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the relationship information includes shared contact data aggregated from a plurality of entities and stored in a first virtual portion of a database system, the first virtual portion of the database system accessible by the plurality of entities.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more servers are further configured to: store the organizational chart in a second virtual portion of the database system, the second virtual portion of the database system storing private contact data accessible by a user of a database service.
 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more servers are further configured to: identify structural information of the organization.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the structural information of the organization identifies at least a portion of the hierarchical relationships as being between divisions included in the organization.
 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the relationship information includes biographical information associated with one or more of the first and second individuals.
 19. The system of claim 13, wherein at least a portion of the relationship information is determined based on a role associated with the first individual, the role indicated by one or more actions between the first individual and one or more of the second individuals.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the role is selected from a group consisting of: a decision maker, an influencer, and a gate keeper.
 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the role is indicated by shared contact data aggregated from a plurality of entities and stored in a virtual portion of a database system, the virtual portion of the database system accessible by the plurality of entities.
 22. The system of claim 13, wherein the first individual identified to include in the organizational chart is identified in a previously generated organizational chart.
 23. The system of claim 13, wherein the first individual is identified based on an input received by a database service provider from a user.
 24. One or more computer-readable storage media having instructions stored therein for performing a method, the method comprising: receiving a request to generate a graphical representation of an organizational chart associated with an organization; identifying a first individual to include in the organizational chart; identifying relationship information associated with the first individual, the relationship information identifying hierarchical relationships between the first individual and a plurality of second individuals associated with the organization; and generating the organizational chart based on the first individual and the relationship information, the organizational chart identifying the first and second individuals and the hierarchical relationships, a graphical representation of the organizational chart capable of being displayed at a user interface of a display device.
 25. The one or more computer-readable storage media of claim 24, wherein the relationship information includes shared contact data aggregated from a plurality of entities and stored in a first virtual portion of a database system, the first virtual portion of the database system accessible by the plurality of entities.
 26. The one or more computer-readable storage media of claim 25, the method further comprising: storing the organizational chart in a second virtual portion of the database system, the second virtual portion of the database system storing private contact data accessible by a user of a database service.
 27. The one or more computer-readable storage media of claim 24, the method further comprising: identifying structural information of the organization.
 28. The one or more computer-readable storage media of claim 24, wherein the relationship information includes biographical information associated with one or more of the first and second individuals.
 29. The one or more computer-readable storage media of claim 24, wherein the at least a portion of the relationship information is determined based on a role associated with the first individual, the role indicated by one or more actions between the first individual and one or more of the second individuals included in organization.
 30. The one or more computer-readable storage media of claim 24, wherein the first individual is identified based on an input received by a database service provider from a user. 